南、北半球的沙漠和沙漠化

世界自然地理图显示,除寒漠外全球大沙漠大部分位于热带。科学文献划分出极端干旱沙漠、半干旱沙漠和边缘沙漠带,但这些带之间的界线并非固定不变,并且常常受不同的观察者的主观和经验所影响。例如,相对于撒哈拉大沙漠区的居民来说,北美沙漠的许多地方似乎有很丰茂的植被。可见人们对于沙漠的理解有多大的相对性。     

甘肃省高寒阴湿区农业气候区划与资源利用研究

从分析甘肃省高寒阴湿区农业气候资源入手，划分出高寒阴湿区的气候界线，研究了种植业的气候资源优劣及其农业气象灾害，提出了合理利用途径。     

二氧化碳倍增对草被冠层的光合与蒸散的影响

二氧化碳倍增对草被冠层的光合与蒸散的影响Ｄ．Ｎｉｅ等（美国乔治亚大学农学系）１引言地球大气中ＣＯ２含量在迅速上升（Ｍｉｔｃｈｅｌｌ，１９８９），它对多种农林作物的影响已作了很好的研究，而对北美大陆中部温带草原区的植物研究较少，这个地区包括了美国从墨西...     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> processes in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growine seasons.     

锡盟草原生态系统退化探析

锡盟草原的退化对生态环境的影响越来越大,也越来越受到人们的关注。文章针对锡盟草原生态系统的退化现状,从气候和人为因素两方面分析了锡盟草原生态系统退化原因,提出了退化草原生态系统的恢复措施。     

陈列在阿拉套山东端南麓的花岗岩雕琢工艺品——博乐怪石沟

每逢六月，是博尔塔拉大草原最美丽的季节，广阔无垠的草原上盛开着各种鲜花，争奇斗妍。湛蓝的湖面上映衬着雪山倒影、浑然一体。饱览眼前美仑美奂的胜景过后，总忘不了博乐市东北角那片神秘奇特的花岗岩地质景观。     

Study of Aerodynamic Parameters on Different Underling Surfaces

Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement (d), roughness length (20), and friction velocity (u*) on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-grazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.     

祁连山海北冬春气温度化对草地生产力的影响

祁连山海北地区冬春气温与高寒草甸牧草产量具有很高的反相关关系。冬春气温升高导致牧草产量有所下降,主要原因是冬春气温升高,使冬季土壤冻结层变薄,土壤水分散失严重;     

祁连山海北冬春气温变化对草地生产力的影响

祁连山海北地区冬春气温与高寒草甸牧草产量具有很高的反相关关系。冬春气温升高导致牧草产量有所下降,主要原因是冬春气温升高,使冬季土壤冻结层变薄,土壤水分散失严重;在牧草营养生长阶段初期,又正值我国北方天气气候“干旱”胁迫最严重的时期,自然降水量显得不足,进而限制了牧草生长发育的水分需求,最终影响到牧草年产量的提高。对冬春气温进行主成分处理后建立的气温影响牧草产量的回归关系表明,回归模型拟合率较高,试报１９９５年牧草产量误差很小,效果良好。