连云港近海紫菜养殖区遥感识别、空间变异和驱动分析

为了科学有效地掌握海域使用信息、管理海域权属,为海域资源调查、管理、规划、保护、合理利用提供服务,为违法、违规、违章用海项目得到有效遏制,减少用海矛盾,有必要开展海域使用动态监测,作者以连云港近海为研究区,利用4个时相Landsat遥感影像(2002、2008、2013、2016年)通过面向对象算法提取弱水背景下的紫菜养殖区信息,揭示空间分异规律,并分析其驱动原因。研究结果表明:4期影像提取连云港近海紫菜养殖区信息的精度分别是87.5%、92%、91.7%和94.6%。紫菜养殖区空间分布的变化规律为紫菜养殖面积不断增加且整体向深海方向推进。赣榆港口航运区和田湾核电站特殊利用区存在少量紫菜养殖区,项目用海不符合连云港市海洋功能区划(2016～2020年)。连云港近海紫菜养殖区空间分异的驱动因子主要是自然条件、养殖技术、海洋经济和社会发展四大因素。     

白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.     

三种凡纳滨对虾池塘养殖模式环境因子变化和养殖效益的分析

研究了3种凡纳滨对虾池塘养殖模式环境因子变化情况和对养殖效益的分析。实验分为3种不同的养殖模式:对虾单养组、鱼虾混养A组、鱼虾混养B组。结果表明:pH变化范围在8.40~9.06之间,其中对虾单养组pH较之两组鱼虾混养组略高,最高值达9.06;COD变化范围在101~211之间,其中对虾单养组COD较之两组鱼虾混养组略高,范围在132~211之间;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度为对虾单养组>鱼虾混养A组>鱼虾混养B组;异养菌数目和弧菌数目,随着养殖的进行呈现逐渐增加的趋势,最大值分别为对虾单养组1.1×106 CFU/mL、2.0×103 CFU/mL,鱼虾混养A组1.45×106 CFU/mL、1.80×103 CFU/mL,鱼虾混养B组1.20×106 CFU/mL、1.56×103 CFU/mL;养殖效益上,总产值、纯利润、亩利润、投入产出比均呈现出鱼虾混养B组>鱼虾混养A组>对虾单养组。由此可见,凡纳滨对虾和鱼类混养,可以在保证水质的前提下,提高凡纳滨对虾养殖规格,提高投入产出比,增加养殖效益,是一种相较于凡纳滨对虾单独养殖优越的养殖模式;而不同规格和数量的鱼类和不同数量凡纳滨对虾的混养,又会产生不同的养殖效益。     

基于多因子的震区建筑物空间分布变化分析

研究地震发生前后震区建筑物空间分布的变化规律,可以为震后居民区规划提供科学依据。本文选择汶川地区作为案例区域,采用不同年份的Landsat遥感影像对建筑物信息进行提取,结合高程、水系、道路、行政区划、坡向等影响因子对汶川境内建筑物空间分布进行综合分析。结果表明:汶川地区建筑物空间分布具有明显的沿河、沿道路、低海拔区位取向分布的特性;建筑物面积与距水系距离的关系逐渐减弱;建筑物空间分布在乡镇层面上出现两个高聚集区,分别为海拔较低的威州镇、映秀等乡镇。     

百令胶囊干预糖尿病肾病模型大鼠炎症因子表达的实验研究

目的：探讨百令胶囊对于糖尿病肾病模型大鼠各种炎症因子表达的影响。方法：将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、治疗组和对照组,对除正常组外的其余组大鼠建立糖尿病肾病模型大鼠,灌胃给药8周后观察大鼠体质量/肾比重、血糖、IL-6、尿微量白蛋白、TGF-β、MCP-1等变化,HE染色检测肾组织病理变化。结果：与模型组相比,治疗组能降低模型大鼠肾指数、血糖,减少尿微量白蛋白,降低IL-6、MCP-1水平,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;HE染色显示,与模型组相比,治疗组与对照组肾脏病变均有减轻趋势,治疗组较为明显。结论：百令胶囊在降低血糖、减少蛋白尿、减轻血清炎症因子表达等方面具有良好的作用,能够改善病理组织,下调MCP-1的表达,延缓糖尿病肾病进展。     

深圳海域弧菌种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系研究

研究了深圳海域2008年4月、9月的水体弧菌数量、种类组成及其分布,探讨了弧菌总数及各优势类群的数量分布与环境因子间的相关关系。结果表明:弧菌总数分布具有季节性,东部海域春季(4月)的弧菌数量高于秋季(9月)的,其均值分别为1.50×104,8.89×102CFU/cm3;在西部海域秋季的略高于春季的,其均值分别为5.09×102,2.66×102CFU/cm3;弧菌数量最高值出现在大亚湾(4.40×104CFU/cm3)。弧菌的优势类群具有季节性分布特征:春季特有的优势类群有Vibrio gigantis类似种和V.splendidus类似种,秋季特有的优势类群有V.natriegens类似种;V.alginolyticus类似种是两个季节共有的优势类群,其数量春季高于秋季的。弧菌种类、数量与海水温度、盐度及细菌总数、Chl-a等环境因子有一定的相关性,其中盐度为弧菌种类及数量分布的主要影响因子。     

Development and characterization of a cell line from the embryos of half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

A new cell line,CSEC,has been successfully established from embryos at gastrula stage of a cultured marine fish,half smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).CSEC cells grow actively and stably more than 50 passages for over 200 d in DMEM medium supplemented with 15% FBS(fetal bovine serum),2.5 ng/cm 3 bFGF(basic fibroblast growth factor),1 ng/cm 3 LIF(leukemia inhibitory factor) and 50 mmol/dm 3 2-ME(2-mecaptoethanol).The cells grew well in the temperature range of 24-30 ℃ and the optimal growth temperature was 24℃.FBS and bFGF concentrations are the two key components for CSEC cells proliferation.Chromosome analysis reveals that CSEC cells have a normal diploid karyotype with 2n=42t.The significant fluorescent signals were observed in CSEC after transfection with the GFP reporter gene,suggesting that the CSEC cell line can be used as a useful tool for transgenic and genetic manipulation studies.CSEC cells showed the cytopathic effect(CPE) after infection with lymphosystis disease virus(LCDV) in 2 d.Moreover,the LCDV particles can be observed in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells by electron microscopy.It suggests that CSEC could be potentially used for the study of aquatic virus.     

致病性副溶血弧菌生物膜形成特性研究

采用改良的微孔板法测定了12株弧菌的形成生物膜的效果,选择形成生物膜效果最好的副溶血弧菌ND-02,进一步研究了环境因子对其生物膜形成的影响。实验结果显示副溶血弧菌ND-02菌株在静置培养24~36 h后形成成熟的生物膜,在起始菌浓度为10⁷~10⁸CFU/mL形成生物膜的量最大;在30 ℃,NaCl浓度为3%~ 5%,pH偏弱碱性时的生物膜OD₅₉₀值最大;Ca²⁺ 促进副溶血弧菌生物膜的形成,而Mg²⁺ 抑制生物膜的形成;副溶血弧菌在分别经大黄鱼表皮黏液、肠黏液和肝脏提取液包被的的基质上形成生物膜的作用明显,鳃黏液和脾脏提取液中次之,肌肉提取液包被后生物膜形成量最低。以上结果表明,副溶血弧菌ND-02菌株能形成稳定而明显的生物膜,而且生物膜的形成受温度、NaCl浓度、pH值等环境因子的影响。     

A Cascade Approach for Global Trajectory Tracking Control of Underactuated AUVs

A global trajectory tracking controller is presented for underactuated AUVs with only surge force and yaw moment in the horizontal plane. A transformation is introduced to represent the tracking error system into a cascade form. The global and uniform asymptotic stabilization problem of the resulting cascade system is reduced to the stabilization problem of two subsystems by use of the cascade approach. For the stabilization of the subsystem involving the yaw moment, a control law is proposed based on the feedback linearization method. Another subsystem is stabilized by designing a fuzzy sliding mode controller which can offer a systematical means of constructing a set of shrinking-span and dilating-span membership functions. In order to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed controller, control constraints, parameter uncertainties, and external disturbances are considered according to practical situation of AUVs. Simulation results show very good tracking performance and robustness of the proposed control schemes.     

鞍带石斑鱼工厂化育苗研究

作者设计了一种新的鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)工厂化人工育苗方法。测定了鞍带石斑鱼人工育苗过程中水环境因子和育苗水体浮游生物的种类、数量变化。育苗期间水温28.0～30.7℃;盐度为27.0～32.0;pH值为7.39～7.90;溶氧量6mg/L以上;中午池面平均光照3315.9lx;记录了1d的光照、水温、溶解氧和pH的变化;育苗池前18d只加水不换水,氨氮不断上升,最低值0.24mg/L,最高值2.53mg/L,育苗后期采取换水措施,氨氮迅速下降;育苗期间,水体除正常投喂的轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)和桡足类外,池中出现浮游植物12种、浮游动物5种,浮游植物平均生物量6.92×106个/L,原生动物平均生物量0.74×106个/L。经过34d的培养,得到平均全长2.45cm鱼种,单位水体育苗密度300尾/m3,育苗成活率为2.73%。结果表明,用有效微生物群(effective microorganisms,简称EM)+高级虾片调节水质的模式,可以保持育苗水质稳定,成功培育出鞍带石斑鱼幼鱼。