长江三峡深槽沉积的研究

文章研究长江三峡两个基岩深槽沉积岩砾的岩性组成与粒度特征,深槽底部的砾石成分以深槽基岩崩落蚀余物质为主,深槽的中上部则以长江底流搬运沉积物为主。¹⁴C测年数据显示,深槽的发育在3.5万年以前,以侵蚀深切为主,没有留下蚀余堆积;3.5万年以后,仍以侵蚀为主,但已有蚀余为主的岩块堆积;大约2.4万年以来,逐渐有缓慢的冲积砾石堆积;至葛洲坝建成以后,该地发育了比较稳定的冲积砾石层和砂层。看来大约35kaB.P.前后,该地水动力强度发生过重大变化,与施雅风等关于3～4万年前长江上游多雨期研究成果相吻合。     

高层建筑屋面雨水排水设计

针对越来越多的高层建筑,提出屋面雨水排水系统设计的依据,阐明系统选择的思路及应注意的问题,总结高层建筑屋面雨水系统设计参考意见。     

非绝热条件下的波流相互作用与大气能量循环

在传统的波与流相互作用理论的基础上, 推导了准地转框架下包含非绝热效应的E-P通量, 证明了由Eliassen和Palm导得的波动能量关系与由Lorenz导得的大气能量循环关系的一致性. 大尺度定常波的波动能量传播过程实质上是大气能量循环过程的一部分, 大气中的平均流能量向波动能量的转换就是局地波能通量散度的全球质量积分, 也即是局地波动能源的全球积分.利用NCEP/NCAR资料对北半球各纬带不同季节大气波动能源和E-P通量的诊断分析表明传统的绝热条件下的E-P通量仅能表征冬季的波能输送情况, 其他季节必须要考虑非绝热加热的影响.     

网络环境下三维可视化信息系统的方法研究

网络环境下三维地形可视化信息系统的研究已经取得了一些进展, 但在海量数据管理和传输、大规模场景建模和逼真显示等方面仍然缺少成熟而简单易行的方法. 在综合国内外现状的基础上, 论述了快速访问多尺度、多层次地理数据的椭球四叉树空间索引技术以及流传输与细节层次渲染技术相集成的原理; 提出以视相关和地形坡度为准则, 多进制小波和层次三角网技术为核心的大规模地形场景的简化算法. 根据这些理论和技术, 借助于COM技术设计了一个基于网络的三维可视化系统. 通过把海量空间数据发布到PCs上, 满足多用户并发浏览、查询和分析的需要. 该系统在军事模拟训练和城市规划等方面有良好的应用前景.     

鲁西铜石岩体的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄及其地质意义

本文首次报道了鲁西地区铜石岩体的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄结果。通过对斑状细粒闪长岩中单颗粒锆石18个样品点的分析,获得了两组谐和年龄数据,其中有10个分析点的206Pb/238U年龄为167.9～183Ma,加权平均值为175.7±3.8Ma;另外8个分析点的207Pb/206Pb年龄为2502～2554Ma,加权平均值     

Water soluble components of PM10 Chongqing, China

The concentrations of water soluble ions (Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^-, Cl^-, and SO ₄ ^2- ) in PM₁₀ samples collected on cellulose filters by a medium-volume cascade impactor were determined, which were obtained from three kinds of areas in Chongqing: industrial area (Jiulongpo district), commercial and residential area (Jiangbei district) and background area (Jinyun Mountain in the Beibei district). The results showed that except for the background site, the annual average values of PM₁₀ are 23% – 61% higher than the national air quality standard (GradeII) (0.1 mg/m³), even that the value of the control site is still 20% higher than American standard (0.05 mg/m³). This implied that serious pollution of fine particles occurred in Chongqing. Nine kinds of soluble ions in water of PM₁₀ were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) and the annual average concentrations follow the order of [SO ₄ ^2- ] > [NO³ _-] > [Cl^-] > [F^-], and [Ca²⁺] > [NH₄ ⁺] > [K⁺] > [Na⁺] > [Mg²⁺]. Their values were different in these areas: the industrial area > the commercial and living area > the control area. As for NH_{4 +}, K⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^- and SO ₄ ^2- , their seasonal average concentrations show a similar variation trend: the values in spring and fall were higher than those in summer and winter. The seasonal average concentrations of [Cl^-], [F^-], [Na⁺] and [Mg²⁺] are much lower than those of other ions. However, the concentrations of [Na⁺] changed more greatly in different seasons than those of the other three ions. Correlation coefficients showed that the three areas have been polluted by coal smoke and dust to different extents, while some local resources of pollution should be taken into consideration as well.     

长安四府村32～10 ka BP期间沙尘暴活动的记录

通过对长安区四府村剖面晚更新世后期黄土样品的粒度分析测定,探讨了沙尘暴活动与土壤颗粒组成的关系及32～10kaBP以来的沙尘暴的活动趋势。结果表明,黄土古土壤序列中粗粉砂含量高和粘粒含量低,反映当时沙尘暴活动强烈,反之,沙尘暴活动弱。冰期沙尘暴活动强主要是冰期降水量少造成的,温度低是次要的。古土壤层S10中的粘粒既包含风尘堆积的原始组分,也包含风化成壤过程中对先前发育的黄土L21改造后的次生组分。32～10kaBP以来,沙尘暴活动具有由弱到强的变化趋势,其中23～10kaBP间活动最强。     

固沙林庇护区内降尘特征的初步观测

采用野外定位实测法,连续两年对科尔沁沙地24龄人工固沙杨树(Populussimonii)林庇护区内4～6月份及强沙尘暴事件中的降尘特征进行了观测研究。结果表明:(1)林地庇护区内4、5月份的降尘量较多,分别为273和437kg/hm2,6月份的降尘量较少,为171kg/hm2。(2)林地中央的滞尘效应在风蚀季节和强沙尘暴天气过程中十分显著。(3)林地庇护区内的降尘中粒径<0.02mm颗粒含量占60.7%,降尘中的全C、全N和速效P含量分别高达1.676%、0.163%和210.66mg/kg,这对风沙土表层土壤的细化和养分的积累具有重要的生态学意义。     

Theoretical and experimental study of breaking wave on sloping bottoms

This paper studies the continuous evolution of breaking wave for the surface water waves propagating on a sloping beach. A Lagrangian asymptotic solution is derived. According to the solution coupled with the wave breaking criteria and the equations of water particles motion, the wave deformation and the continuous wave breaking processes for the progressive water waves propagating on a sloping bottom can be derived. A series of experiments are also conducted to compare with the theoretical solution. The results show that the present solution can reasonably describe the plunging or spilling wave breaking phenomenon.