全球导航卫星系统时间精度分析

全球导航卫星系统具有独立的时间参考系统,即GNSS时间,并溯源至UTC时间.GNSS时间精度参数不仅影响定位和授时的精度,也影响不同GNSS系统之间时间偏差的计算和预报,进而对GNSS系统的互操作性产生影响.本文对GNSS时间标度的产生和维持进行了分析,并通过分析给出了其精度估计结果.     

贵州西部一次秋季暴雨预报偏差分析

2021年9月16日预报夜间贵州西部将出现暴雨-大暴雨天气,实况以小到中雨、分散暴雨为主,本文利用常规及加密观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、ECMWF、CMA-GD、CMA-SH9等模式预报产品,对这次暴雨空报的原因进行探讨,结果如下：(1)本次暴雨-大暴雨空报的主要原因：副高夜间略北推增强,有利下沉气流增强,阻止切变线南下且消弱低层切变的强度;整体动力条件较差,低层辐合厚度、强度不够,且迅速转为辐散,涡度平流由正转负、上升运动较弱。(2)模式出现较明显误差：ECMWF错误预报副高夜间位置,切变线位置预报也有偏差,CMA-GD模式错误预报切变线位置;5家数值模式预报量级均偏大,其中CMA-GD、CMA-SH9及贵州WRF偏大明显,ECMWF的量级及落区预报和实况更为接近。(3)预报员过度相信ECMWF对切变线的位置预报、过度相信CMA-GD对极端降水的把握,忽视副高略北推增强、动力条件差导致的触发难度迅速加大,主观预报的优势没有发挥出来。     

北斗三号卫星差分码偏差稳定性分析及其对单点定位的影响

差分码偏差（differential code bias,DCB）是影响电离层监测和导航定位精度的重要因素之一,建立DCB改正模型对高精度定位有重要意义。针对北斗三号卫星的广播星历和精密星历钟差参数时间基准不统一的问题,首先介绍了多星座实验（multi-GNSS experiment,MGEX）发布的DCB产品的估计方法,给出了部分DCB产品的精度评估和分析结果;然后提出了北斗三号卫星单频和双频伪距单点定位以及双频精密单点定位的DCB改正模型;最后利用5个MGEX测站连续5 d的实测数据分别进行了DCB改正前后的定位实验。结果表明,MGEX发布的DCB产品均具有较高的稳定性,经卫星DCB改正后,单频和双频伪距单点定位的定位精度分别提高了48%~85%和71%~91%,双频静态精密单点定位的收敛时间减少了56%~83%。     

Comparison of the observation capability of an X-band phased-array radar with an X-band Doppler radar and S-band operational radar

An X-band phased-array meteorological radar （XPAR） was developed in China and will be installed in an airplane to observe precipitation systems for research purposes.In order to examine the observational capability of the XPAR and to test the operating mode and calibration before installation in the airplane,a mobile X-band Doppler radar （XDR） and XPAR were installed at the same site to observe convective precipitation events.Nearby S-band operational radar （SA） data were also collected to examine the reflectivity bias of XPAR.An algorithm for quantitative analysis of reflectivity and velocity differences and radar sensitivity of XPAR is presented.The reflectivity and velocity biases of XPAR are examined with SA and XDR.Reflectivity sensitivities,the horizontal and vertical structures of reflectivity by the three radars are compared and analyzed.The results indicated that while the XPRA with different operating modes can capture the main characteristic of 3D structures of precipitation,and the averaged reflectivity differences between XPAR and XDR,and XDR and SA,were 0.4 dB and 6.6 dB on 13 July and-4.5 dB and 5.1 dB on 2 August 2012,respectively.The minimum observed reflectivities at a range of 50 km for XPAR,XDR and SA were about 15.4 dBZ,13.5 dBZ and-3.5 dBZ,respectively.The bias of velocity between XPAR and XDR was negligible.This study provides a possible method for the quantitative comparison of the XPAR data,as well as the sensitivity of reflectivity,calibration,gain and bias introduced by pulse compression.     

Modeling and Simulation of Supercavity with Inertial Force in the Horizontal Curvilinear Motion简

To make a curvilinear motion in the horizontal plane is one of the most contents for realizing the maneuverability of the supercavitating vehicle. It is significant to achieve the controllability and maneuverability of the vehicle in three dimensions both theoretically and practically on research. Models of angle of attack, gravity and inertial force effects on the supercavity in the horizontal curvilinear motion are established, respectively. The supercavity is simulated based on these models in combination with Logvinovich model and the unsteady gas-leakage rate model at the given ventilation rate, and the effect of the inertial force on it is analyzed numerically. Results show that the maximum deviation of the center line of the cross section of supercavity towards the outward normal direction of its trajectory increases as the cavitation number or curvature radius decrease and always occur in the tail because of the increase of inertial effects along the axis of supercavity from the cavitator when other models and flow parameters are constant for the given trajectory curvature. For the variable curvature, the supercavity sheds due to its instability caused by the time-varying angle of attack. The deviation increases along the length of supercavity if the curvature remains the same sign.     

Trimble RTX技术综述

正一、Trimble RTX技术简介Trimble RTX(Real-Time eXtended)实时差分扩展技术是Trimble新近开发的一种定位技术,它把多种创新技术结合在一起,使用户能在地球表面或靠近地球表面的任何地方进行厘米级实时定位,能够在不采用基准站、电台或网络参考站链接的情况下,实现从亚米到厘米精度的GNSS定位服务。这种新定位技术以L波段卫星链路或互联网在全球范围生成和交付的精确的卫星改正数据(轨道、时钟和系统偏差)作为基础,总体系统基本架构如图1所示。     

多源卫星观测数据在全球四维变分同化系统中的应用

首先描述高分辨率全球四维变分资料同化系统的基本软件框架,并对多源卫星资料同化的关键技术作阐述;其次通过统计分析,说明新型卫星观测数据的引入不但能够增加同化系统中的信息量,而且能够提高其他类型观测数据的利用率;然后通过一个月的统计检验结果表明:无论是从距平相关还是均方根误差而言,在有效同化无线电掩星和卫星风资料后,高分辨率同化预报系统预报技巧的提高是十分明显的;最后,通过一个强降水个例的分析结果表明:基于新的初始场全球模式降水预报准确性较高,就强降水中心区域的预报而言,模式预报和观测实况较为一致,优于国外模式降水预报。     

论精密单点定位整周模糊度解算的不同策略

精密单点定位（PPP）一般基于非差GPS观测值,其中相位观测所含的初始相位偏差（Initial Phase Biases, IPBs）与整周模糊度不可分离,故各类PPP估值均为模糊度浮点解。目前,借助区域或全球GPS网分离卫星IPBs,改正PPP相位观测值,可实现PPP整周模糊度解算,进而提高各类估值精度,显著缩短收敛时间。常用算法包括：分解卫星钟差（分解钟差法）和非整相位偏差（非整偏差法）估计方法。本文从GPS原始观测值入手,推导了卫星IPBs估计的满秩函数模型,以此为基础对两种算法的特点及实施进行了对比分析。研究表明：分解钟差法是一种观测信息的最优利用,且与传统的卫星钟差估计方法具有较优的一致性,但未利用卫星IPBs较为稳定的有利约束;非整偏差法对组合观测值之间的相关性未加考虑,进而是一种次优估计,其实时性实施较差,且较依赖于高精度的码观测值。文中的新模型可有效克服上述两种算法的不足,便于施加部分参数的合理时变性约束,以提高卫星IPBs估计的可靠性。     

基于最小二乘拟合模型和PCA变换的影像融合

针对传统的PCA变换融合法,利用高空间分辨率影像与多光谱影像的线性相关特性,提出了一种基于最小二乘模型和PCA变换的影像融合方法,采用偏差指数、相关系数和信息熵三个指标,对融合结果进行了定量评价。试验结果表明,在提高了多光谱影像空间分辨率的同时,更好地保留了多光谱影像的光谱信息。     

盾构推进在缓和曲线段贯通的偏差调整

盾构推进在缓和曲线上的贯通,首先要调整好盾构的姿态,不断修正和选取最佳掘进参数,使推进的方位和主体的方位夹角最小,以保证贯通工程质量和贯通误差达到最优。