中国森林大盘点

中国曾经是森林最富饶的国家，四五千年前，有原始森林600多万平方公里，相当于今天陆地国土面积的60％多。广袤的森林养育了中华民族的祖先，培育了中华文明。秦晋高原是中华文明的正源，今天光秃秃的黄土高原，曾经是原始森林最繁茂的地方。从春秋战国到秦一统天下，八百多年的连年战争，以及封建王朝的大     

Degradation of High Mountain Ecosystems in Northern Europe

Data material of a long-term high mountain ecosystem research project was used to interpret the grazing impact of reindeers. In central Norway investigations were conducted to both, areas where reindeer grazing is excluded, and areas where intensive pasturing is present for a long period of time.The comparative analysis of grazing impact was based on similar environmental conditions. The results were transposed to northern Norway where dramatic overgrazing had been exceeding the carrying capacity. Using landscape ecological mappings, especially of vegetation and soils, the impact of reindeer grazing in different areas became obvious. Non-grazed lichen-dominated ecosystems of the snow-free locations functioned sensitively near the limit of organism survival. These localities were most influenced by grazing as they offer the winter forage to the reindeers. So, intensive grazing in central Norway led to landscape degradation by destruction of the vegetation and superinduced by soil erosion. Those features were comparable to the situation in northern Norway, where a broad-scale destruction of the environment combined with a depression of the altitudinal belts had occurred due to overgrazing. Functioning principles of intact high mountain systems were explained and used to interpret the environmental background for the understanding of degradation phenomena. Finally, the use of a new model calculating the carrying capacity of high mountain landscape was discussed.     

Energy Balance of Irrigated Intercropping Field in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River Basin

1 Introduction Most of the solar radiation that ecosystem seizes is con- sumed on latent, sensible and soil heat flux. Among them, latent heat flux shares the biggest part (Gutierrez and Meizer, 1994; Ham et al., 1991; Rachidi et al., 1993). The radiation budget and the energy balance are crucial to water conversion and effective water utilization. Also, they are important parts of research of water-saving ag- riculture (Mo et al., 1997). At present, the researches on radiation budget and e…     

1991~2019年中国农业生态系统旱涝脆弱性评估北大核心CSCD

近几十年来我国旱涝事件频发,同时农业是对气候变化最为敏感的产业部门,因此本文基于“敏感性—暴露度—适应力”脆弱性评估框架,选取敏感性、暴露度与适应力评价指标,结合层次分析法与熵权法确定指标权重,分别对1991~2019年我国农业生态系统干旱和洪涝敏感性、暴露度、适应力及脆弱性进行评估。结果表明:我国农业生态系统干旱高敏感地区分布在湖北、湖南等中南省份,而洪涝高敏感地区分布在沿海省份海南、上海和江苏,旱涝高暴露地区均分布在甘肃、河南、黑龙江,旱涝低适应力地区包括西南省份西藏、重庆、贵州和云南。总体而言,我国农业生态系统旱涝脆弱性呈现从中部向四周减弱趋势,中部省份河南和湖北属于旱涝高脆弱性水平,建议中部省份通过因地制宜调整农业生态结构,开发和采取针对旱涝灾害的应变种植、饲养和作物保护技术等措施来降低和适应其高脆弱性。     

浙江省国土空间生态修复规划(2021—2035年)通过专家评审

近日,浙江省自然资源厅组织召开《浙江省国土空间生态修复规划(2021—2035年)》(以下简称《规划》)专家评审会,邀请规划、林业、地质、海洋等方面专家参加评审。专家组听取了规划编制团队的汇报,经认真问询和充分讨论,一致认为,《规划》目标明确,内容全面,依据充分,重点突出,特色明显,紧密衔接了《全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程总体规划(2021—2035)》,符合《浙江省国土空间生态修复规划编制工作方案》的要求,具有较强的科学性和可操作性。     

湿地美景入画来

2月2日是第26个世界湿地日,主题是“珍爱湿地人与自然和谐共生”,旨在强调湿地对人类和地球健康的重要性,鼓励公众采取行动保护与可持续利用湿地。湿地和森林、海洋并称为全球三大生态系统,被誉为“地球之肾”,具有重要的生态功能。近年来,河南持续加强湿地保护修复工作,推进湿地保护从点到面、从数量到质量得到了较大提升。     

川藏铁路西藏昌都段生态保护重要性评价

生态系统服务功能与生态系统敏感性是衡量生态系统质量及实现高质量生态文明建设的重要依据。川藏铁路沿途跨越多个自然地理单元,生态环境保护是铁路规划、建设及运行过程中面临的关键问题。以川藏铁路西藏昌都段为研究对象,采取资料分析与野外调查结合的手段,运用生态评价模型对研究区的生态系统服务和生态脆弱性进行分析,并基于研究结果对铁路途经区域的生态保护重要性进行评价。结果表明,当前昌都境内川藏铁路涉及的生态保护极重要区、重要区和一般重要区占比分别为42.19%、52.69% 和5.12%。评价结果有助于在铁路规划、建设及运营过程中对工程活动进行合理布局,有针对性地降低对生态系统的负面影响,达到社会经济效益和生态效益双赢的目的。     

基于地理国情普查成果的生态系统服务价值核算方法

生态系统服务直接关系人类的福祉,是当前国内生态文明建设的重要组成内容之一。受数据源精准性、时序性等方面的限制,在全国尺度下开展的常态化生态系统服务价值核算尚存在缺失。本文首先根据生态系统类型的内部结构、功能和内容指标的概念语义构建地理国情地表覆盖与中国陆地生态系统分类内容指标转换表达关系,并生产了全国陆地生态系统矢量化数据。然后,应用反映植被生理特征指标参数（EVI、NPP和生长季长度）优化的当量因子法模型,引入不同尺度下多粒度变换的地理格网空间化表达技术,设计和开展依托矢量化地理国情普查成果的生态服务价值数据集的生产,实现了生态系统服务价值核算的精准化、常态化,满足了多尺度下生态服务价值动态变化监测的需求。本文按照上述生态系统服务价值核算方法计算了中国陆地生态系统服务价值总量和供给、调节、支持、文化服务子功能价值量1 km×1 km格网数据,核算出2015年全国生态系统服务价值总量为402 503.54亿元。通过与早期成果对比,该成果可以满足不同尺度对粒度变换的要求,核算结果可靠,可为当前全国尺度下的生态补偿政策和补偿标准的制定提供数据支撑。