成层软土地基预固结处理后桩基水平承载力估算方法

目前通过对软土地基预加固处理来提高桩基水平承载力已被工程界认可,但如何在工程前期设计过程中估算软土地基预处理后桩基水平承载力提高值仍是技术难点。基于此,参考Bowles[1]的地基土水平抗力计算式,同时考虑成层软土地基预排水固结处理影响,通过数学推导,推求出根据原状软土室内土工试验抗剪强度指标及预加固处理时间,估算软土地基预处理后桩基水平承载力提高值的实用计算方法。考虑桩侧土弹塑性屈服影响,推导出成层软土中水平受荷桩弹塑性解析解及塑性区深度的计算式,给出了桩顶水平位移、桩身最大弯矩的无量纲计算式及相关计算源代码。依托于浙江省某水闸桩基工程案例,根据提出的计算方法对桩基水平承载力、桩顶水平位移及桩身最大弯矩等性状进行预估计算,并与地基预处理前、后现场试桩检测值进行验证对比,认为桩基水平承载力、桩顶水平位移及桩身最大弯矩等预估计算成果与工程现场试桩的检测值较接近,对类似工程设计具有较好的参考价值。     

非线性半参数模型最小二乘核估计的直接解法

基于非线性半参数模型最小二乘核估计,给出了其参数分量和非参数分量估计的构造式,导出了参数分量和非参数分量顾及二次项直接解法的计算公式。用实测数据进行计算,证明了对于非线性半参数模型最小二乘核估计,可采用顾及二次项的直接解法。     

地基干涉雷达IBIS-S桥跨结构振动变形测量与模态分析

地基雷达干涉测量技术能够以较高的时空采样频率获取线性结构目标整体瞬时变形状态。本文将该技术引入大型桥梁桥跨结构的振动变形测量与模态分析中。对动静载试验过程中的武汉二七长江大桥东岸桥跨结构开展连续变形监测,利用频域分解法计算桥跨结构的自振频率、阻尼比和模态振型。计算结果表明,地基干涉雷达干涉测量技术能够快速探测桥跨结构竖弯模态,特别适用于灾后大型线形结构健康状态的应急检测。     

两条控制线直接求解地理化参数的方法

针对某些三维激光扫描测量中,由于地形限制,扫描视场内的起算数据不足以平差计算地理化参数,则需建立地理化参数直接求解模型的问题,该文提出一种基于两条控制线直接解算地理化参数的方法。该方法采用主方向法分3种形式精确表达控制线,有效克服了地理化中传统直线表达的冗余性和扰动性。实验结果表明,该方法获取的地理化参数可靠,可作为精地理化中获取地理化参数初值的途径,也能应用在无初值参考、只有少量控制基元的实际扫描测量中,有一定的实际应用价值。     

大地测量地震断层同震滑动分布反演的两步解法

针对同震滑动分布反演中系数矩阵出现病态的问题,提出两步解法,并在两步解法反演过程中引入拉普拉斯二阶平滑矩阵进行平滑约束。该方法不仅改善了系数矩阵的病态问题,同时也很好地抑制了相邻断层面间出现大的梯度变化。在两步解法反演过程中,用L曲线法确定正则化参数。系统模拟实验表明,对于最大滑动量,该方法的反演结果较一步最小二乘法的反演结果精度提高了3.34%~19%;对于均方根误差,该方法的反演结果较一步最小二乘法减小了3.3%~13.3%。芦山地震反演结果表明,利用两步解法进行滑动分布反演是可行的。     

Decomposition analysis on direct material input and dematerialization of mining cities in Northeast China

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995-2004 and to analyze the demateri-alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro-leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco-nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min-ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources' cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.     

半参数估计与LS估计的有效性比较

建立半参数回归模型,将系统误差加入,推导出了模型正则化矩阵时参数平差的计算方法,并用直接法得到了参数、非参数的估计量,在MSE准则下与最小二乘估值(简称LS估值)进行比较,证明了半参数估值的有效性。     

单波长原子吸收测汞仪热解法分析固体样品汞量新技术

单波长原子吸收测汞仪热解法分析固体样品汞量新技术卫敬生，郑康乐（浙江省第三地质大队，金华２１００１）（地矿部航遥中心，北京１０００８３）本项分析技术是使用单波长原子吸收测汞仪，采用固体进样，直接热解方法，测定固体样品中汞量。其分析精密度、准确度、速度...