蒙脱石伊利石化的水热实验模拟

以蒙脱石为初始材料,通过水热实验模拟在不同温度压力条件下蒙脱石的伊利石化过程。利用X射线粉末衍射及X射线荧光光谱、红外光谱和扫描电镜等方法对样品的矿物物相、化学成分、晶体结构与微观形貌等进行分析,其结果表明:(1)蒙脱石至伊利石的转化受温度和压力条件的控制;(2)随着温度和压力的增高,蒙脱石伊利石化沿着蒙脱石-无序伊蒙混层-有序伊蒙混层-伊利石的转化序列进行转化;(3)水热实验模拟表明蒙脱石至伊利石的转化以溶解重结晶机制为主。实验结果不仅有助于了解埋藏与低级变质作用中的蒙脱石伊利石化过程,同时为研究断层活动所致断层泥中黏土矿物的转化及反演断层形成时温度压力条件提供基本参数。     

Adsorption of Pentachlorophenol onto Oxide and Clay Minerals： Surface Reaction Model and Environmental Implications

The adsorption of pentachlorophenol （PCP） onto quartz, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and iron oxides has been investigated by batch equilibrium techniques. The pH-dependent isotherms are curves with peak values, the position of which is at about pH = 5-6 depending on the mineral species. Based on distribution of both speciation of surface hydroxyls on minerals and PCP in solution a surface reaction model involving surface complexation and surface electrostatic attraction is presented to fit the pH-dependent isotherms, and both reaction constants are calculated. The results show that on quartz and phyllosilicate minerals the predominant adsorption reaction is surface complexation, meanwhile both of surface electrostatic attraction and surface complexation are involved on the iron oxide minerals. The reaction constants of surface electrostatic adsorption are usually one to three orders in magnitude, larger than that of surface complexation. The concentration-dependent isotherms can be well fitted by Langmnir equation with the correlation coefficient R〉0.93 for kaolinite and iron oxides. The maximum adsorption is found in the order： hematite 〉 lepidocrocite 〉 goethite 〉 kaolinite 〉 quartz 〉 montmorillonite ≈ illite, which can be interpreted by consideration of both reaction mechanism and surface hydroxyl density. The significant adsorption of PCP onto mineral surfaces suggests that clay and iron oxide minerals will play an important role as HIOCs are adsorbed in laterite or latertoid soil, which is widespread in South China.     

Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

铝蒙脱石粘土高温X射线衍射研究

本文介绍了铝蒙脱石牯土的高温 X 射线衍射实验。阐明铝蒙脱石粘土在高温状态下的变化情况,及其非晶质化时的温度,为工业应用提供了科学根据。     

活性二氧化硅的制备及其形态研究

将膨润土和酸作用,制备活性二氧化硅,并用 X 射线衍射、电镜对其物相组成和结构形态作了分析。简述了以蒙脱石,凹凸棒石为原料制备活性二氧化硅的原理及活性二氧化硅的结构和形态。     

内蒙中部玄武岩残坡积膨胀土的研究

本文是我们在内蒙中部所发现的一种新型膨胀土即玄武岩残积粘土的宏观微观综合研究结果。本文揭示了在内蒙中部异常发育的残积粘土的特殊的形成环境，并从物质成分、物理化学性质、微结构等方面探讨了不良工程特性形成的机理，并进行了膨胀土的工程评价。这类膨胀土在我国北方的发现，改变了对我国北方膨胀土形成发育规律的认识。     

十八烷基三甲基铵改性蒙脱石的结构和凝胶性能关系研究

利用小角X射线衍射技术研究在不同的十八烷基三甲基铵盐用量下制备的有机蒙脱石的结构特征,将具有不同晶体结构特征的有机蒙脱石分别分散在二甲苯、乙醇混合相和0#柴油中,测定在相应溶剂体系中的凝胶性能,研究发现当十八烷基三甲基铵盐的用量小于0.9 CEC时,十八烷基三甲基铵盐阳离子在蒙脱石层间呈单层平卧排列,由于在有机溶剂中蒙脱石得不到充分的剥离而导致有机蒙脱石的凝胶性能较差,表现为有机凝胶的粘度和胶体率都较低;当十八烷基三甲基铵盐的用量在0.9 CEC~1.8 CEC时,十八烷基铵阳离子在蒙脱石层间呈单层倾斜排列,在有机相中蒙脱石不仅能得到充分的剥离,而且能形成稳定的"卡房式结构",使有机凝胶的黏度和胶体率分别最高达到23 000mPa.s和100%;而当十八烷基铵盐的用量大于1.8 CEC时,十八烷基铵有机物在蒙脱石层间呈胶束排列,尽管在有机相中能得到充分的剥离,但由于过量的有机阳离子中和了蒙脱石层面的负电荷,在体系中不能形成稳定的"卡房式结构",使有机蒙脱石的凝胶粘度较低,而胶体率较高。     

溶胶－凝胶方法制取纳米级超导物质的研究

当前对超导物质的研究都集中于高临界温度的超薄型物质的研究上，本研究通过相对简单的方法获得高纯度的纳米级的钙钛矿型超导物质，其过程为：通过溶胶－凝胶方法合成一种含有Ｌａ和Ｎｉ的高纯度的有机物，然后利用天然蒙脱石的离子交换性将上述化合物渗入到其含水层中以获得超薄型的超导物质     

高温高压下蒙脱石显微变形与力学性质的研究

通过研究高温高压条件下蒙脱石的变形特征和机制,着重阐述了蒙脱石的显微变形特征与温度压力之间的关系,以及对应力-应变的影响。研究表明,在围压为200M Pa条件下,温度升高将导致蒙脱石的变形增大。对相同应变量所需的差异应力则随温度上升而下降。但是,当温度>500℃时,相同应变量所需差异应力较300℃时显著增大,其屈服强度和变形模量在T≥500℃,σ≥300MPa时均因脱水明显增大。蒙脱石在高温高压下均为渐进失稳     

四川广安膨润土矿的地质特征及开发应用

广安县膨润土矿赋存于侏罗系中统上沙溪庙组第三段B亚段地层中。矿区地质构造简单。矿体呈似层状、透镜状、马鞍状。单个矿体规模不大,但层位稳定、分布面积广、埋藏浅,适宜地方开采和综合开发应用。矿床成因类型为内陆湖泊相大山-沉积型。矿石自然类型有致密块状膨润土矿。砂砾状膨润土矿、含(粉)砂质膨润土矿。以钙基膨润土为主,少部分为Na-Ca基膨润土。属偏切托过渡类蒙脱石,宜于制作活性白土系列产品。