熵值理论和改进BP网络在湖泊富营养化评价中的应用研究

针对湖泊型饮用水源地水体污染、富营养化加剧的问题,引入熵值理论,建立单指标营养状态指数(TSI)和熵权藕合的湖泊综合营养状态指数模型(STSI),计算得到湖泊综合富营养状态指数判断湖泊富营养综合状态;基于神经网络仿真理论和Matlab软件系统,采用附加动量法和自适应学习速率改进BP算法,建立5-3-1结构型式的BP网络模型对湖泊富营养状态进行仿真预测。综合富营养化指数模型及改进BP模型应用于评价及预测固城湖富营养状态,并对模型评价结果进行验证。结果表明,改进BP网络模型可以有效地综合判断水体状态,为富营养评价及预测提供新的方法。     

优化改良养鲍鱼

鲍鱼肉质鲜美，营养丰富，深受人们喜爱。由于鲍鱼天然产量很少，所以价格昂贵。目前，很多产鲍的国家都在发展人工养殖，我国也不例外。当前，国内养殖鲍病害严重，鲍苗难培育，养殖成鲍生长缓慢，存活力低下，而种质退化、养殖生态环境恶化和养殖技术不当等是造成以上危害的关键因素。     

ENCLOSURE EXPERIMENTS ON AND LACUSTRINE PRACTICE FOR ELIMINATING MICROCYSTIS BLOOM

Microcystis bloom, one of the most objectionable characteristics of eutrophication in tropical and subtropical waters, occurred in Donghu Lake (East lake) of Wuhan every summer from the 1970s up to 1984, but from 1985 up to now failed to occur there. The cause of its disappearance rema-ined in obscurity until recently. In situ enclosure experiments in the lake for three years showed that the stocking of the filter-feeding silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) and big-head carp (Aristichthys nobilis ) played a decisive role in eliminating Microcystis bloom from the lake; but that recurrence of the bloom is possible under certain conditions. This paper presents the details and the results of enclosure ex-periments. The authors‘ analysis of fish biomass data obtained by echo-sounding and the fishery produc-tion of the lake over the years, revealed that the recurrence of Microcystis bloom can be prevented so long as the combined biomnss of silver carp and big-head carp remains at or exceeds 50 g per cubic meter of lakewater, as was the case in the lake‘s 1985 fish yield of 1015 t.     

斑蠖几种常见天然饵料的营养分析与评价

从饵料营养测试分析入手,化学和生物学方法相结合,综合评价了斑鳠几种常见天然饵料的营养价值,结果表明水蚤、水蚯蚓、野杂鱼均是斑鳠优质的饲料蛋白源及良好的能源物质;三种饵料的第一限制氨基酸同为蛋氨酸、第二限制氨基酸同为赖氨酸;斑鳠苗种培育效果比较,水蚤组显著优于水蚯蚓和野杂鱼组,而后两组间无显著差异.     

四川邻水县华蓥山—西槽土壤Cu地球化学特征与生态健康

铜(Cu)是人体所必需的微量元素,目前我国还没有农作物Cu含量的推荐值,更缺少开发富Cu土地资源的土壤Cu含量标准。本文以四川省邻水县华蓥山—西槽耕地区为研究区,根据1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查获取的表层土壤、农作物及根系土中Cu含量数据调查结果,研究了土壤与农作物中Cu的含量及分布特征,分析了玉米籽实Cu生物富集系数(BAF)的影响因素,构建了玉米籽实Cu的BAF预测模型,提出了开发富Cu玉米和富Cu土地资源的Cu含量最佳赋值范围。研究结果显示:(1)研究区表层土壤Cu含量范围为(3.33～173)×10^-6,平均值、中位值分别为26.85×10^-6、25.60×10^-6。土壤Cu高值区主要分布在邻水县华蓥山玄武岩、碳酸盐岩与炭质页岩为成土母岩的地区,土壤Cu低值区分布在西槽侏罗系砂页岩为成土母岩的地区。(2)研究区玉米籽实Cu含量范围为(0.80～2.71)×10^-6,平均值为1.76×10^-6,中位值为1.82×10^-6。(3)为保证人体摄入Cu安全...     

绿茶的“意外之过”

绿茶对健康的助益使它获得了良好的正面形象。许多癌症病人长期饮用绿茶，甚至服用绿茶营养补充剂。在美国，绿茶营养补充剂被制成胶囊，在健康食品店里出售。最近，一项新研究给身患血癌的病人带来一个不太好的消息。     

科技短消息

我的地盘我做主·最近,80多个国家的代表齐聚意大利罗马,共同商讨联合国粮食及农业组织即将出台的一项条约的草案。在此条约出台后,各国将有权阻止非法捕鱼船只进入本国港口。据统计,目前非法捕鱼活动的捕捞量已经占全球鱼类捕捞量的10%。随着人类对鱼类需求的增大,以及全球鱼类市场的渐趋宽松,     

中年以后该吃些什么

人们常说“医食同源”，说的是病人需要“食补”。而对于希望青春常驻的中年人来说，最为可靠的方法也是“食补”，于是便有了“美食同源”的说法。40岁以后的人应当吃得舒服、吃得聪明、吃得年轻。 有的人说自己最近感觉到皮肤粗糙了许多，有的人说头发的柔润感没有了，还有人每天感到乏力、疲劳，缓不过劲来。其中不少人开始自暴自弃，认为自己都这般年纪了，由它去吧。这种消极的态度是不可取的，实际情况也并非如此。尽管人到中年，只要学会合理搭配饮食，及时补充身体所需的养分，照样可以使自己青春焕发，光彩照人。 在人生的折…     

Impacts of Future NOx and CO Emissions on Regional Chemistry and Climate over Eastern China

A coupled chemical/dynamical model (SOCOL-SOlar Climate Ozone Links) is applied to study the impacts of future enhanced CO and NOx emissions over eastern China on regional chemistry and climate. The result shows that the increase of CO and NOx emissions has significant effects on regional chemistry, including NOx, CO, O₃, and OH concentrations. During winter, the CO concentration is uniformly increased in the northern hemisphere by about 10 ppbv. During summer, the increase of CO has a regional distribution. The change in O₃, concentrations near eastern China has both strong seasonal and spatial variations. During winter, the surface O₃, concentrations decrease by about 2 ppbv, while during summer they increase by about 2 ppbv in eastern China. The changes of CO, NOx, and O₃, induce important impacts on OH concentrations. The changes in chemistry, especially O₃, induce important effects on regional climate. The analysis suggests that during winter, the surface temperature decreases and air pressure increases in central-eastern China. The changes of temperature and pressure produce decreases in vertical velocity. We should mention that the model resolution is coarse, and the calculated concentrations are generally underestimated when they are compared to measured results. However, because this model is a coupled dynamical/chemical model, it can provide some useful insights regarding the climate impacts due to changes in air pollutant emissions.     

毛乌素沙地油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)生长及生物量分配对沙漠化的响应

植物的资源分配模式可以反映植物对环境的生态适应策略.本研究以毛乌素沙地优势半灌木油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)为研究对象,通过样地调查法,系统分析了不同沙漠化程度(潜在、轻度、中度、重度)下油蒿营养、生殖器官的生长特征和生物量分配规律.结果 表明:(1)随着沙漠化程度的加剧,单位面积油蒿种群密度及地上生物...