山西大同火山地貌

叙述了大同火山的地貌特征及大同火山区的地震活动,叙述并论证了大同煤层自燃形成的"火山"的位置.     

用航片信息圈定新民区煤层自燃边界

以可见光黑白航片(1:3.5万)为主要信息源,对陕西神府煤田新民烧变区(1300km~2)进行了1:5万航空遥感地质调查,圈定了该区烧变岩分布范围及煤层自燃边界。首先划分了烧变岩的宏观类型,选取已知区,研究烧变岩及煤层自燃边界线的影像特征,建立初步解译标志,最后在全区范围内调查煤层自燃边界线。最终确定的界线经钻孔验证,精度达到要求。     

Studies of distribution, release and environmental influences of Fushun oil shale and its self-combustion

Three dumping sites have been formed at the northern region of Fushun City, Liaoning Province, for a large number of gangues including much oil shale that had been piled onto ground as gangue during long-term coal exploitation at West Fushun Open-pit Mine. Under appropriate conditions, self-combustion occurs after long-term exposure of oil shale and consequently such phenomena could be found almost everywhere at the three dumping sites. Much polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） must be generated through oil shale self-combustion, a kind of incomplete combustion. In this paper, in order to make clear the PAHs distribution in oil shale and its self-combustion and their potential effects on surrounding environment, coal, low-grade oil shale, high-grade oil shale, burning oil shale, burnt oil shale and shaly soil collected from West Fushun Open-Pit Mine and West Dumping Site were analyzed quantitatively in 16 US EPA priority PAHs for the first time. Results showed that 16 PAHs in all samples were less than those in some bitumites and carbonaceous coals and were as much as those in lignites and anthracites from some Chinese mining areas. Coal and low-grade oil shale were abundant in lower molecular-weighted PAHs in contrast to high-grade oil shale with rich higher molecular-weighted PAHs. They had more benzo[a] pyrene than the highest background value in soils in Liaoning Province. So PAHs in these crude oil shales could cause potential effects on environment. There were at least 5121.40 p.g/kg PAils generated and at least 3976.70 μg/kg PAHs released into environment in the period from combustion beginning to sampling on the basis of calculation. Furthermore, the concentrations of 3-4 ring PAHs among them were very high. Therefore it could be said that oil shale self-combustion aggravated the environmental impacts of PAHs in oil shale. The low concentrations of PAHs in shaly soil showed that much PAHs had been released through recultivation and biodegradation.     

煤层自燃模拟实验

以柴家沟煤矿煤样为测试煤样,利用自主研发的煤层自燃实验系统,对煤层的自燃过程进行了模拟实验。根据实验测试数据,对煤温与供气量以及实验过程的各个指标气体情况进行了分析和研究,从而得出柴家沟煤矿煤层自燃的临界温度、瓦斯脱附温度等各个指标参数,其结果对预测和防治煤层自燃火灾具有指导意义。     

贵州天柱早寒武世黑色岩系自燃现象的发现

贵州天柱位于宜昌一都匀大断裂带的南沿部分,该断裂正好是震旦纪-寒武纪两个古构造单元的分界线.该区早寒武世地层出露稳定,矿产资源丰富,其中大河边重晶石矿床是储量最大,矿石质量最好的超大型矿床(杨瑞东等,2007),区域内出露地层有新元古代南沱组、陡山沱组、留茶坡组,下寒武统牛蹄塘组、明心寺组、耙榔组、清虚洞组等.     

沿空留巷开采中堵漏的必要性分析

沿空留巷开采技术已在很多矿区得到广泛应用,在提高回采率、减少巷道掘进工程量的同时,却也加剧了采空区的漏风量。为了说明漏风给采空区防灭火工作造成的不利影响,强调堵漏在沿空留巷开采中应用的必要性,本文采用有限单元法对采空区速度场和氧浓度场进行了数值模拟,通过两者叠加划分出了自燃“三带”,并在数学模型的建立过程中考虑了遗煤氧化及采空区瓦斯涌出对氧气的稀释作用。计算结果表明：堵漏前自燃带最大宽度为196m,平均宽度为110m;堵漏后自燃带最大宽度为70m,平均宽度为63m。由此可见,漏风点的存在对采空区“三带”影响较大,且对采空区防灭火十分不利。所以沿空留巷开采中采取堵漏措施是十分必要的。     

易自燃煤层综采工作面回采期间防灭火技术研究

宁夏灵武矿区所采煤层均属易自燃煤层,矿区煤炭自燃防治形势严峻.常规的注水、灌浆、注阻化剂灭火、氮气防灭火难以有效达到矿井防灭火要求.针对以上难题,以灵武矿区枣泉煤矿为例,分析了工作面开采期间的CO气体产生机理,据此提出了煤自燃火灾预防及治理技术思路.通过胶体隔离带的注胶防灭火技术手段,防灭火效果显著,工作面CO的的体积分数持续下降(＜6×10-6),有效得保证了矿井的安全生产.     

内蒙古西部乌达矿区煤层自燃的控制因素

煤层自燃是一个复杂的物理、化学和环境作用过程,是多种内在原因和外在条件综合作用的结果.本文分析了内蒙古乌达矿区煤层自然发火的内在原因和外在条件,揭示了煤层自燃的各种控制因素.影响煤层自燃的内在原因包括煤层厚度、变质程度、灰分含量、发热量、硫含量和有机显微组分含量等;外在条件包括地质构造、气候、水文地质、地形地貌、煤层的赋存状况、大矿和小煤窑的开采情况等.最后探讨了对不同成因的煤层自燃采取不同的预防和治理方法,为今后煤火的研究和治理奠定了理论基础.     

河南平煤四矿煤矸石山自燃爆炸成因及防治分析

2005年5月15日、16日,平煤集团四矿矸石山先后发生两次自燃爆炸灾害,8人遇难,122人受伤,造成生命财产的重大损失。论文首先介绍了平煤集团四矿煤矸石的物质组成,分析其致灾原因:高含硫煤矸石的存在是引起煤矸石山自燃的决定因素;煤矸石的堆积方式以及有效的粒径组成在一定程度上决定了煤矸石的透气性,是引起煤矸石山自燃的促进条件;突发降雨是本次灾害的主要导火索。在燃料含量一定,清除比较困难,燃烧已开始并还在不断堆积矸石的情况下,降温和隔氧显得尤为重要。针对本矸石山的实际情况,提出了采用注浆法为主,辅以高温区域表面喷射浆液、挖掘沟槽、表面覆盖等灭火方法;对今后避免矸石山自燃进行了展望。