A Possible Mechanism of Ocean Finestructure Part Ⅰ: Energy and Coherence

依据在作者的前文（１９９８）中对于考虑旋转向量水平分量（ｆ～）的大洋内波方程求出的渐近解,文中对Ｓ场（考虑ｆ～条件下的总的内波场）,ＳＩ场（不计ｆ～影响的内波场）和ＳＦ场（Ｓ场中与ｆ～相关联的部分）导出了能量谱和相干谱。此理论谱与Ｍｕｌｅｒ等（１９７８）的ＩＷＥＸ实验的观测结果相比较表明,ＳＦ场的水平动能谱和铅直位移谱基本上与水平流细结构和铅直位移细结构的观测谱一致。作者推测ＳＦ场对应于中纬度大洋可逆细结构。但是对于相干谱的观测结果,在不考虑内波非线性相互作用和破碎过程的条件下,仅考虑ＳＦ场的影响还不能给予满意的解释。     

摄食水平对中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)幼鳖生长和能量收支的影响

于2001年10月—2002年3月在深圳职业技术学院海洋生物技术实验室进行摄食-生长实验(实验周期为56天)。实验在水温30℃的条件下进行,设饥饿、1%、2%和饱食4个摄食水平,研究了中华鳖(Trionyxsinensis)幼鳖(296.60—396.09g)的生长和能量收支。结果表明,中华鳖幼鳖的特定生长率随摄食水平的增加,其湿重、干物质、蛋白质和能量的特定生长率均呈二次曲线增加,其中干物质的特定生长率(SGRdr)与摄食率(Rl)的关系式为SGRdr=-0.3621+0.8809Rl-0.1352Rl2(r2=0.896,n=26,P<0.01);除湿重的转化效率外,干物质、蛋白质和能量的转化效率在2%组均达到最大,分别为27.47%、31.48%和25.01%;摄食水平对中华鳖氨氮排泄率和尿素氮排泄率以及氨氮占总氮排泄率的比例均有显著影响(P<0.01),总氮排泄率、氨态氮排泄率和尿素氮排泄率均随摄食水平的增加而升高,从饥饿组到饱食组的变动范围分别是4.71%—38.70%、3.50%—24.64%和1.21%—6.48%,而氨氮占总氮比例的变化规律与上述指的标略有不同,饥饿组的比例略高于1%组,摄食组的比例随摄食水平的增加而增加,该比例的变动范围是71.92%—83.20%,回归分析表明,幼鳖的总氮排泄率[μmol/(g·d)](GN)、氨氮排泄率[μmol/(g·d)](NH3N)及尿素氮排泄率[μmol/(g·d)](UN)与其蛋自质摄入率(%体重     

海底波动轨迹速度计算

本文提出一种根据表面波高、周期和水深来直接计算海底波动轨迹速度的方法。本文也提出了用单频波代替全频波的方法     

A three-dimensional model study on ocean dynamic response to traveling cyclone over the Huanghai Sea

On the basis of numerical simulation of the mean circulation and relevant thermal-salinity fields in June with a three-dimensional ocean model (ECOM-si), the model outputs are used as first guess of initial fields for numerical integration of the model equations and the numerical results are applied to investigating the dynamical responses of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea (HECS) in the course of a weak land-to-sea cyclone‘s passage over the Huanghai Sea on 15-16 June 1999. Predominance of the dynamic impact of cyclone over the thermal one in June in the HECS is justified using observations and model simulations.The cyclone and its surrounding weather system, i.e,, subtropical high ridge to its south could influence current and thermal fields in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea even though the intensity of cyclone was rather weak. The response of oceanic currents to the wind stresses driven by the cyclone and its southern subtropical high were strongly characterized by the wind drift with its extent of equivalent scale of cyclone in the horizontal and of Ekman layer in the vertical. The sea response at a given site was closely related to the transient local wind speed and direction,especially was sensitive to the local wind direction,which is demonstrated at three points locating at the southern and western Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea. So the sea responses at locations differed considerably from one another. Current responded to the wind stress in a simple way:directly to the wind-driven current and subsequent gradient current and slope current, etc., whereas sea temperature responded to the wind stress in two ways: directly to the cyclone-induced cooling and indirectly to water movements both in the horizontal and the vertical by the cyclone‘ s wind stress. So the sea temperature variation under the influence of cyclone was more complicate than the current. The HECS in response to the cyclone and its ambient weather system was likely to be a fast process and such a response could last at least for more than 1d. Current increased with the duration of wind stress exerted on the surface and decreased with the increasing depth. Affected by the cyclone, the maximum sea surface temperature decreased by almost 1.6℃ during the 24h cyclone.     

Simulation of the ocean surface mixed layer under the wave breaking

A one-dimensional mixed-layer model, including a Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme, was implemented to investigate the dynamical and thermal structures of the ocean surface mixed layer in the northern South China Sea. The turbulent kinetic energy released through wave breaking was incorporated into the model as a source of energy at the ocean surface, and the influence of the breaking waves on the mixed layer was studied. The numerical simulations show that the simulated SST is overestimated in summer without the breaking waves. However, the cooler SST is simulated when the effect of the breaking waves is considered, the corresponding discrepancy with the observed data decreases up to 20% and the MLD calculated averagely deepens 3.8 m. Owing to the wave-enhanced turbulence mixing in the summertime, the stratification at the bottom of the mixed layer was modified and the temperature gradient spread throughout the whole thermocline compared with the concentrated distribution without wave breaking.     

黄海辐射沙洲沉积物地球化学特征及其环境意义

对黄海辐射沙洲烂沙洋水道区域的3个钻孔共81个沉积物样品进行了微量、常量元素分析和^14C测年分析．化学元素质量分数的变化与当时沉积环境的变化相对应。突发事件(如风暴潮)的发生不但在沉积物的岩性上有所体现,而且在微量元素质量分数的变化上也有很明显的体现。微量元素Zr可作为沉积能量变化的地化指示剂,潮汐通道北部的西太阳沙区域的沉积动力环境在4000a以前是较弱的。潮流通道的上段沉积物是来自水深较浅的区域,由于潮流和波浪的作用使其能够保持稳定的水深。     

虾蟹类生物能量学研究进展

虾蟹类生物能量学（Bioenergetics）是研究能量在虾蟹类体内转换的一门学科,其中心问题是研究虾蟹类体内能量收支各组分之间的定量关系以及环境因子（温度、盐度和pH等）、营养因子（饵料种类、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物等）和内源因子（发育阶段和体质量等）对这些关系的影响,探讨生物调节其能量分配的生理生态学机制。Klein最早提出了能量在虾蟹类体内流动和转换的基本模型,该模型可归纳为以下能量收支式：C=G＋R＋U＋F＋E,式中C为摄食能,G为生长能,R为呼吸能,U为排泄能,F为排粪能,E为蜕壳能。     

军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)幼鱼对环境低氧胁迫氧化应激与能量利用指标的响应

本文探究环境低氧对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)氧化应激和能量利用指标的影响,为军曹鱼的健康养殖提供参考依据。通过设置低氧胁迫–恢复实验,将军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体质量(220.67±20.73)g)在低氧((2.64±0.25)mg/L)胁迫3 h及复氧((6.34±0.15)mg/L)8 h、24 h和48 h后,测定其肝脏和肌肉组织的氧化应激与能量利用指标。结果显示,低氧胁迫后,肝脏中丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione Reductase,GR)活力均显著低于对照组(p<0.05),乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate Dehydrogenase,LDH)活性显著高于对照组(p <0.05);肌肉中MDA和脂质过氧化物(Lipid Peroxidase,LPO)活性均显著低于对照组(p<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和LDH活性均显著高于对照组(p<0.05);肌糖原和肝糖原含量极显著低于对照组(p<0.0...     

面向海岸线修测的无人机照片视频获取及管理研究

海岸线修测工作中,现场获取的无人机照片和视频是海岸线类型研判和内业处理的重要依据,也是海岸线修测工作的重要数据成果。本文以广东省海岸线修测工作为例,介绍了海岸线修测外业工作中无人机照片和视频的获取及预处理方法,并采用ArcGIS二次开发方式,构建了一套面向海岸线修测的无人机照片视频管理系统。该系统实现了无人机照片视频文件的批量自动入库、无人机照片位置和视频轨迹的自动提取、无人机单张正射照片的快速地理定位和无人机照片视频的快速查询浏览。最后,基于无人机照片视频位置与修测海岸线的空间关系,自动挂接每个岸段对应的无人机照片和视频,并批量导出满足要求的照片视频成果。     

海洋硬骨鱼类卵黄囊期生物能学研究

卵黄囊期是鱼类早期发育中的一个重要阶段，是鱼类由内源营养向外源营养转化的一个关键时期。在此期间，游离氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪酸、总脂和碳水化合物等基本生化成份的变化表现出一定的规律性，并具有种的特异性。从能量学的角度来分析，则表现为主要能源物质在发育过程中有规律的变化，各能量物质是按一定顺序被利用的。 鱼卵是一个高度特化的自组织系统，它在发育过程中，用于细胞活动的物质基础主要是卵黄。在卵黄期，卵细胞的代谢过程可描述为依生化成份变化的生化代谢过程和依能量转移和释放的能量代谢过程。从受精到卵黄囊消耗完全的卵黄囊期，以开口摄食为标志分为前后两个阶段，开口之前为全部利用自身营养的内源营养阶段，开口之后为利用自身营养和外源营养相结合的混合营养阶段。探素卵黄囊期海洋硬骨鱼类的能量转化规律，定量分析发育过程中生化成分和能量物质的变化，预测维持仔稚鱼生命活动和提供生长所必需的合适饵料营养成分，已成为鱼类早期发育生物学研究的热点课题。