乌鲁木齐和阿拉木图地区部分地震前固体潮小震调制比的异常

利用固体潮小震调制比方法,从外因调制的角度出发,定量研究新疆乌鲁木齐和苏联阿拉木图地区小震活动。结果发现,若干次较大地震前出现调制比的异常变化是固体潮引潮力对地震的调制触发作用而引起的。依据耗散结构理论解释固体潮小震调制比方法的物理机制。     

耗能减震技术研究与应用进展

本文总结了近年来国内外建筑耗能减震技术的研究与工程应用状况，探讨了今后的发展方向，并提出了亟待解决的若干问题。     

断裂构造对地面运动的隔震效应

分析地下核爆时断裂两侧获取的加速度记录，研究断裂构造对地面运动的影响。发现断裂构造对地震波有显著的隔震作用。当地震波穿过断裂带时其高频能量耗散幅度很大，降震率可达２５％～５０％。１９９１年２月２５日柯坪６．５级地震发生后，距震中１２ｋｍ的县城未遭受到巨大损失，这与区内地质构造的隔震效应有着极为密切的关系。     

强迫耗散正压大气中四波共振

本文首次研究了含Ekman摩擦和非绝热加热的四波共振动力学．使用新的双时间尺度和新的时间变换式，由四波共振的广义Landau方程，导得普遍的非线性低频周期解，Ekman摩擦使得低频周期具有滞后和突变返回两个重要特征，而非绝热加热作用与中高纬准双周振荡有关，中高纬的30－50天振荡则与自由Rossby波准共振有关．本文还研究了四波共振产生的爆发性不稳定，指出较大振幅波产生的爆发性不稳定可能是阻塞迅速形成的又一重要原因，还首次得到在正压大气中Ekman摩擦能够激发爆发性不稳定．本文结果纠正了Craik于1985年提出的在流体力学中广泛应用的两个错误论断．     

地球化学的理论体系与方法论

本文根据地球化学作用与时-空结构辩证统一的观点提出地球化学的理论体系与方法论,认为地球化学体系应由地球化学系统的物质、地球化学作用、地球化学过程和地球化学场等四大部分所构成,其中以地球化学系统的物质为基础,而地球化学作用居于核心地位。地球化学作用与时-空结构的统一性应该作为一切地学研究的指导思想。作者指出,必须用系统思想和系统科学研究地球化学系统,应用不可逆过程热力学中的“耗散结构”（dissipativestructures）理论研究地球化学作用与时-空结构的内在联系。     

河流洪水数值预报在流体力学基础上的论证

用流体力学的基本理论,论证了河流洪水的基本特性:洪水漫滩后,主槽过水能力降低;由于主槽过水能力降低,上游来水形成雍水;河流洪水运动的有旋性;河流洪水能量的耗散性。提出联解流体力学的基本方程组进行数值洪水预报。     

Evaluation of the simulation capability of the Wavewatch Ⅲ model for Pacific Ocean wave

Wave climate analysis and other applications for the Pacific Ocean require a reliable wave hindcast. Five source and sink term packages in the Wavewatch III model(v3.14 and v4.18) are compared and assessed in this study through comprehensive observations, including altimeter significant wave height, advanced synthetic aperture radar swell, and buoy wave parameters and spectrum. In addition to the evaluation of typically used integral parameters, the spectra partitioning method contributes to the detailed wave system and wave maturity validation. The modified performance evaluation method(PS) effectively reduces attribute numbers and facilitates the overall assessment. To avoid possible misleading results in the root mean square error-based validations, another indicator called HH(indicating the two authors) is also calculated to guarantee the consistency of the results. The widely used Tolman and Chalikov(TC) package is still generally efficient in determining the integral properties of wave spectra but is physically deficient in explaining the dissipation processes. The ST4 package performs well in overall wave parameters and significantly improves the accuracy of wave systems in the open ocean. Meanwhile, the newly published ST6 package is slightly better in determining swell energy variations. The two packages(ACC350 and BJA) obtained from Wavewatch III v3.14 exhibit large scatters at different sea states. The three most ideal packages are further examined in terms of reproducing waveinduced momentum flux from the perspective of transport. Stokes transport analysis indicates that ST4 is the closest to the NDBC-buoy-spectrum-based transport values, and TC and ST6 tend to overestimate and underestimate the transport magnitude, respectively, in swell mixed areas. This difference must be considered,particularly in air–wave–current coupling research and upper ocean analysis. The assessment results provide guidance for the selection of ST4 for use in a background Pacific Ocean hindcast for high wave climate research and China Sea swell type analysis.     

南海南部上层的湍流混合特征

A turbulent microstructure experiment was undertaken at a low latitude of 10°N in the South China Sea in late August 2012. The characteristics of the eddy diffusivity above 650 m were analyzed, which is one order of magnitude larger than that in the open ocean at that low latitude. Enhanced eddy diffusivities by strong shears and sharp changes in topography were observed. The strongest eddy diffusivity occurred in the mixed layer, and it reached O(10–2 m2/s). Strong stratification in the thermocline inhibited the penetration of surface eddy diffusivities through the thermocline, where the mixing was weakest. Below the thermocline, where the background eddy diffusivity was approximately O(10–6 m2/s), the eddy diffusivity increased with depth, and its largest value was O(10–3 m2/s).     

包头气候变暖过程的突变事件及耗散结构特征

章是包头市第三次气候区划中的部分内容,主要结论有：1．从上个世纪50年代到世纪末,包头市年平均气温大约升高2℃左右;2．通过对年平均气温时间序列计算信噪比发现,在上个世纪70年代初,包头气候在变暖过程中发生了一次气候突变;3．通过对气候信息熵的计算和分析表明,气候突变发生后,由于负熵的产生,气候并没有向混乱和无序的状态发展,而是建立了新的稳定的气候系统。