“怪异行星样本”土卫六

怪异行星的样本 土卫六看起来的确很像地球,但它非常寒冷,昏暗。那里的石头由水冰组成,湖水由碳氢化合物组成。土卫六的表面温度为零下180℃,活脱就是“太空冰箱”,人们至今没有在那里找到可以得到证实的生命迹象也便不足为奇了。     

Formation Mechanism of the High-quality Upper Paleozoic Natural Gas Reservoirs in the Ordos Basin

1 Introduction The “sweet spot” refers to high-quality gas layers existin in a large area of tight gas resources and the “sweet spot As an unconventional natural gas, tight sandstone gas strategy refers to prospecting rich reserves with higresources are plentiful in the world. In the United States, permeability. In the western Canadian basins, “sweethe amount of tight sandstone gas is more than 15,000 Tcf spots” are concentrated in high-permeability reservoi(Surdam, 1995; Kuuskraa, 199…     

Distribution and source apportionment of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from atmospheric particulate matter PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> in Beijing

A total of 11 PM2.5 samples were collected from October 2003 to October 2004 at 8 sampling sites in Beijing city. The PM2.5 concentrations are all above the PM2.5 pollution standard （65 μg m^-3） established by Environmental Protection Agency, USA （USEPA） in 1997 except for the Ming Tombs site. PM2.5 concentrations in winter are much higher than in summer. The 16 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） listed as priority pollutants by USEPA in PM2.5 were completely identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with variable wavelength detector （VWD） and fluorescence detector （FLD） employed. The PM2.5 concentrations indicate that the pollution situation is still serious in Beijing. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations ranged from 22.17 to 5366 ng m^-3. The concentrations of the heavier molecular weight PAHs have a different pollution trend from the lower PAHs. Seasonal variations were mainly attributed to the difference in coal combustion emission and meteorological conditions. The source apportionment analysis suggests that PAHs from PM2.5 in Beijing city mainly come from coal combustion and vehicle exhaust emission. New measures about restricting coal combustion and vehicle exhaust must be established as soon as possible to improve the air pollution situation in Beijing city.     

Assessment of Rock-Eval Tmax Data in Bambra-2 Well of Barrow Sub-basin, North West Shelf of Australia： A Case Study of Contaminated Rock-Eval Data

The contamination of cuttings and side-wall core (SWC) samples in the Bambra-2 well by drilling-mud additives and natural hydrocarbons may cause Ruek-Eval Tmax (℃) data to be suspect, and affect its utility in the assessment of thermal maturity. The Rock-Eval results of 284 cuttings samples, 31 side-wall core samples and conventional core samples from the Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary sequences in the Bambra-2 well are presented in this paper. Significantly lower Tmax values from cuttings samples compared with Tmax values from conventional core samples and solvent extracted SWC samples, from the deeper and higher maturity interval, are thought to have been caused by contamination by diesel and other drilling-mud additives. The cuttings samples in the Barrow Group of Cretaceous may be contaminated by natural hydrocarbons, resulting their Tmax values to be 2-10℃ lower than a regularly increased Tmax trend from core samples. This study indicates that more reliable Rock-Eval Tmax data are obtained from the conventional core samples and solvent extracted SWC samples. This study also indicates that the Tmax values from some SWC samples were also affected by free hydrocarbons, due to the use of diesel as a mud additive as well.     

CR-2000:用于碳氢化合物探测的复电阻率系统

20 0 1年 9月至 10月间 ,笔者有幸赴加拿大访问了世界著名的凤凰地球物理有限公司 (ＰｈｏｎｉｘＧｅｏ ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓＬｉｍｉｔｅｄ) ,对其正在着力开发并广泛向世界各地推广的地球物理前沿技术ＣＲ - 2 0 0 0复电阻率系统留下了较深刻的印象。现对该系统作一简要介绍以飨读     

Types of Karst-fractured and Porous Reservoirs in China＇s Carbonates and the Nature of the Tahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin

Almost all the oil and gas reservoirs developed in marine sedimentary strata of China have undergone processes of multi-phase reservoir formation and later modification. The irregular reservoirs are classified into three types as the Naxi, Tahe and Renqiu ones, increasing successively in the development degree of karstificated pores and fissures and the connection degree of independent reservoirs. In these reservoirs, the unity in the fluid feature, pressure and oil-gaswater interface also increases successively from the Naxi to the Renqiu type. The main body of Ordovician reservoirs of the Tahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin is a network pool rather than a stratified, massive, stratigraphically-unconformed or weathering-crust one. The fluid nature of oil, gas and water, the interface positions and the pressures, as well as the dynamic conditions of fluids within the reservoirs during the production are all different from those in stratified or massive oil and gas reservoirs. Carbonates in the Akekule uplift and the Tahe Oilfield are assemblages of various types of reservoirs, which have an overall oH-bearing potential and obvious uneven distribution. Testing and producing tests are the major means to evaluate this type of reservoirs and acid fracturing improvement is a key link in petroleum exploration and development.     

Structural Effects of Overpressure Fluid Activities in Yinggehai Basin

The characteristics and distribution of faults in Yinggehai basin discussed in this paper reveal the structural effects of the overpressure fluid expulsion. The rapid subsidence and mud-rich intervals of the marine rocks dominate the formation of the overpressure systems and the enormous volumes of the overpressure fluids in the basin. Triggered by some faults, the overpressure fluids were expulsed rapidly from the overpressure compartments to form a series of diapirs in the basin, resulting in the dense fractures or faults and folds in the limbs of diapirs. These fractures and faults provided the migration pathway for the vertical flow of hydrocarbons, so that the gas fields arising from this process might migrate upwards to the sandstone reservoir. Therefore, the hydrocarbon accumulations are usually located in the upper parts of diapiric structures.     

A preliminary evaluation model for reservoir hydrocarbon generating potential established based on dissolved hydrocarbons in oilfield water

OILFIELDWATER,WHICHEXISTSCONCOMITANTLYWITH OILORGASINSUBSURFACERESERVOIRS,ISAKINDOFIMPOR TANTCOMPONENTOFRESERVOIRFLUIDANDALSOISADRIVING FORCEANDCARRIERFORHYDROCARBONMIGRATION,ACCUMULA TIONANDHYDROCARBONRESERVOIRFORMATION.OILFIELDWA TER,HYDROCARBONANDRESER…     

临安秋季近地层非甲烷碳氢化合物特征

应用浙江临安1999年秋季非甲烷碳氢化合物(NMHC)观测数据,分析了NMHC特征,并估计其对该地O3的影响.该地NMHC芳香烃含量最高为47.9%,其次为:烷烃29.1%,烯烃12.7%,炔烃8.2%,生物排放的烃2.1%.从各NMHC成份相关分析发现,NMHC主要排放源是该地生物物质(柴草、秸秆、农业废弃物)焚烧,存在未知芳香烃人为源的可能.丙烯等量浓度分析表明,芳香烃、CO、生物源烃和烯烃对该地O3均有重要贡献.观测和模式分析显示本次观测的O3处于NMHC控制区.     

可能由金刚石组成的行星

据《Nature））的Philip Ball报道,太空中围绕其它恒星旋转的行星可能部分由纯金刚石组成。到目前为止,在银河外星系发现的100个行星中可能是由富含碳的气体和尘埃浓缩而成。这将形成一个由大量坚硬的碳化合物组成的世界,如碳化硅,就是工业上常用的金刚砂。这些行星可能有一个几乎是纯碳组成的外壳,它们最外层的壳可能是由石墨组成,但随着深度增加,高压会把石墨变成更紧密的形式——金刚石。另外,碳在这些行星的表面可以形成碳氢化合物,像柔软的被子一样覆盖其上,或形成液体的湖和海,如甲烷和沼气。最近,由欧洲太空局的Huygens号太空飞船拍摄的木星卫星Titan的表面图像显示,在那里的冰、岩石和铁的固体表面上可能存在这样的河流或湖泊。