具有脆性形变和蠕动变形的复合单断层系模型中的应力、滑动与地震

对弹性半空间中的几个含有不连续断层系的三维弹性连续介质模型，在沿单元垂直走滑断层发生的滑动过程进行了数值模拟，模型的几何形状和所使用的边界条件大致与圣安德烈斯断层中部的情形相符合，数值模拟综合考虑了脆性形变和蠕动变形，断层带的总形变率为蠕变和摩擦滑动率之和。脆性断层的性质由破裂段（数值单元）的不同地震应力降的分布来给定。所假设的分布描述了两种理想化的情形，它们分别对应于不同断层滑动的极限状态：（1）以大尺度范围为特征的强无序状态，表示不成熟的断层带及扩展空间域。（2）相对有序的状态，以小尺度范围为特征，表示成熟的完全滑动断层。假定断层的蠕变特性在所有的情形中都相同。并且是用蠕滑速率与应力的幂次律关系来刻画的。利用这种脆性蠕变过程和模型参数可以得到一个在12．5km深度含有“脆性－延性”过渡带的应力－深度剖面，以及一个在1857年地震破裂西北65km处存在有“脆性－蠕变”过渡带的沿走向的应力剖面。模拟的震源空间分布在统计意义上与观测数据相类似，结果表明，断层强烈不均匀性的特征尺度范围会在断层系统的地球地震响应中显著表现出来，若尺度范围小，则会使震级－频率分布接近于特征地震分布，在时间上会层致如地震空区说所预言的大地震的准周期分布，而大尺度范围的地震活动性符合古登堡－里克特的震级－频度关系以及大地震的随机或是成簇的时间分布特征。数值模拟的结果表明，各种形式的震级－频度关系以及地震时间分布的统计特征都可以通过表征断层带不均匀性的尺度范围统一起来，这可以通过借助一个给定的断层带或是岩石层的结构特征给出一个清晰的物理解释，并且得到地震及断层观测资料的支持。在一些模拟中，小地震的震级－频度关系曲线明显低于自的古登堡－里克特关系曲线。这说明在构造加载过程中，小地震通过平滑应力的长波成分，为大地震的发生创造了条件。这一过程是通过与小地震的大量断裂有关的短波应力的消失过程来完成的，大地震的大尺度破裂的发生正好导致与上述长，短波应力的平滑与消失变化相反的过程。     

粘弹性应力转移延迟了1999年赫克托矿地震的触发

在某些情况下,由地震引起的地壳应力转移可以加快邻近断层的破裂,并引起地震序列的发生(Stein,et al,1992;King,et al,1994;Deng and Sykes,1996;Harris,et al,1995;Stein,1999)。1999年南加州赫克托矿地震(震级7.1)在1992年兰德斯地震(震级7.3)的7年后,在距其震中仅20km处发生。这表明赫克托矿地震是以某种方式被     

2003年10月25日甘肃省西部发生6.1级和5.8级地震

据中国地震台网测定 ,2 0 0 3年 1 0月 2 5日北京时间 2 0时 4 1分和 2 0时 4 8分在甘肃省西部民乐、山丹间发生 2次破坏性地震。第 1次地震为 6 .1级 (38.4°N ,1 0 1 .2°E) ;第2次地震为 5.8级 (38.4°N ,1 0 1 .1°E)。这 2次地震的震中距甘肃省张掖市 90km ,距武威市 1 4 0km。地震有感范围大 ,其中附近的张掖、酒泉、武威、金昌等城市均强烈有感 ;兰州以及邻近省份的省会西宁、银川等地也普遍有感。主震后 ,余震不断 ,当天就发生余震 30 0多次。地震灾害波及永固、民联、洪水、顺化、南丰等乡村及周边乡镇村的 1 1 1 80 4人。截至 1…     

Principle and mathematical method for inverting stress State of a medium from the remote sensing data

It has been proved through experiments that the electromagnetic radiation energy of a substance will vary when stress acts on the substance. This moment, the electromagnetic radiation energy (observation value) received by the remote sensor is triggered not only by the substance temperature and also by the stress. Separating quantitatively these two kinds of electromagnetic radiation energy and then inversing the actual temperature state and stress state of a medium is a matter with practical significance in earthquake prediction and stability monitoring for the large-scale geotechnical engineering. In this paper the principle and the mathematical method for inversing stress by using multiband remote sensing data are discussed in detail. A calculation example is listed.     

Study of Triggering Action Between the Mani （Ms7.9） and the West Kunlun Mountains Pass （ Ms 8.1 ） Great Earthquakes and Their Dynamic Background

Based on Coulomb static stress variation, the stress trigging action of the Mani ( Ms7.9, Nov.1997) earthquake on the West Kuulun Mountains Pass (MsS.1, Nov. 2001 ) earthquake is researched. Results of different source mechanism resolutions show that a 10_3 MPa Coulomb stress due to the Mani earthquake was added to the fracture fault of the Kunlun earthquake, and this may shift the broken date to about 10 years earlier, and infer that the stress level in the crust is not low. Comparing the relationship between strong earthquake strength and frequency and earth rotation change, it is shown that the strength‘s decrease and the variation period‘ s shortening of earth rotation are important controlling factors on strong earthquake activity. This great event with Ms = 8.1 took place probably due to a gradual strengthening background of regional stress field within the Qinghai-Xizang block in the period of acceleration of change of day‘s length and stress triggering from the Mani earthquake.     

Aseismic negative dislocation model and deformation analysis of crustal horizontal movement during 1999——2001 in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block

Through numerical simulation for GPS data, aseism/c negative dislocation model for crustal horizontal movement during 1999-2001 in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block is presented, combined with the spatial distri-bution of apparent strain field in this area, the characteristics of motion and deformation of active blocks and their boundary faults, together with the place and intensity of strain accumulation are analyzed. It is shown that: a) 9 active blocks appeared totally clockwise motion from eastward by north to eastward by south. Obvious sinistral strike-slip and NE-NEE relative compressive motion between the blocks separated by Qilianshan-Haiyuan fault zone was discovered; b) 20 fault segments (most of them showed compression) locked the relative motion between blocks to varying degrees, among the total, the mid-east segment of Qilianshan fault (containing the place where it meets Riyueshan-Lajishan fault) and the place where it meets Haiyuan fault and Zhuanglanghe fault, more favored accumulation of strain. Moreover, the region where Riyueshan-Lajishan fault meets north boundary of Qaidam block may have strain accumulation to some degree, c) Obtained magnitude of block velocities and locking of their boundaries were less than relevant results for observation in the period of 1993-1999.     

Gravity variation before Kunlun mountain pass western Ms=8.1 earthquake

The relation between the gravity variation features and Ms=8.1 earthquake in Qinghai-Xizang monitoring area is analyzed preliminarily,by using spatial dynamic variation results of regional gravity field from absolute gravity and relative gravity observation in 1998 and 2000.The results show that:1)Ms\8.1 earthquake in Kulun mountain pass westem occurred in the gravity variation high gradient near gravity‘s high negative variation;2)The Main tectonic deformation and emnergy accumulation before MS=8.1 earthquake are distributed at south side of the epicenter;3)The range of gravity‘s high negative variation at east of the MS=8.1 earthquake epicenter relatively coincides with that rupture region according to field geology investigation;4)Gravity variation distribution in high negative value region is just consistent with the second shear strain‘s high value region of strain field obtained from GPS observation.     

单历元GPS非差相对定位模型的研究

相对于双差模型来说，GPS非差模型也有其自身的优势，但是非差模型存在秩亏和非差模糊度非整数特征等问题，提出几个参数重整的原则解决了上述问题，并详细地给出不同类观测值的参数重整方案，构建单历元非差相对定位函数模型，同时给出其简化的随机模型，最后通过处理零基线和短基线的实测数据验证本文定位模型的正确性。     

GPS滑坡监测专用的Gquicks软件

介绍了Guicks软件的数学模型,Gquicks软件的结构和功能.经实测检测检验,当基准点与监测点之间距离在3km内,用20分钟GPS观测值,Gquicks软件解算的水平精度可达±2-3mm,垂直精度可达±4-6mm.Gquicks软件不仅适用于GPS滑坡变形监测,也可应用于其他变形监测领域.     

利用GPS位移和主应力方向观测资料进行川滇地区边界力的联合反演研究

在简要介绍了川滇地区的构造格局和构造运动特征的基础上，讨论了不同观测数据同时用于反演的合理性和物理意义，利用1998～2000年观测的9个测点位移数据和1986年以前所测的10个主应力方向数据，将边界力和相对权比λ作为待反演参数，并考虑了主要活动断裂运动特性，进行了弹性有限元数值反演计算。计算结果表明，现今川滇地区的构造活动主要力源仍来源于印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞，菲律宾海板块的挤压作用也不可忽略，这一结论说明了该地区现今构造运动的继承性活动特征。