一种船载走航式海气甲烷交换通量测量系统设计与应用研究

海气界面交换是实现海洋和大气相互作用的重要途径,其通量代表海洋与大气之间的能量交换幅度。研究海气交换通量变化特征对监测海气界面碳循环过程、碳收支通量和全球气候变化具有重要意义。针对传统通量测量方法存在观测方式结合不足、样品转移损耗大、无法实时测量导致计算结果偏差较大等问题,并结合实际工作需求,本文设计了水气甲烷交换通量自动测量系统。该系统主要由采集模块、控制模块及辅助模块构成,在硬件层面上实现了船载海表大气及表层海水甲烷同步走航测量。基于C#、JavaScript语言对流式数据实时存储及通量计算过程进行了可视化编程,该系统实现了交换通量结果计算自动化,解决了海水—大气界面甲烷含量及交换通量的快速实时测量等核心问题。通过对海气通量自动测量系统海试,验证了该系统设计的可行性,为后续研究多尺度海气相互作用及全球气候变化提供了新的技术手段。     

痛泻要方对肝郁脾虚型IBS-D大鼠肠道菌群的影响研究

目的：观察痛泻要方对肝郁脾虚型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）大鼠肠道菌群的影响,基于“脑肠菌轴”角度探讨痛泻要方治疗IBS-D的作用机制。方法：将24只SD大鼠随机分为4组：即空白组（NormalG)、模型组(ModelG)、双歧杆菌三联活菌片组(ShuangG)、痛泻要方组（TongG),每组各6只。通过夹尾结合番泻叶灌胃的方法制备肝郁脾虚型IBS-D大鼠模型,分别给予相应药物灌胃,NormalG以及ModelG予0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃。采用16srDNA测序法分析IBS-D大鼠肠道菌群在治疗前后的变化。结果：在门水平上,TongG较ModelG增加了厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门的种群丰度,有效降低了含较多致病菌的变形菌门丰度;在纲水平上,TongG较ModelG增加了梭状芽胞杆菌纲、拟杆菌纲、杆菌纲的丰度,降低了丙型变形菌纲丰度;在目水平上,TongG较ModelG增加了梭菌目、乳杆菌目、拟杆菌目的丰度,降低了黄色单胞菌目、肠杆菌目丰度;在属水平上,TongG较ModelG增加了巨单胞菌属、劳特氏菌属种群丰度,有效降低了寡养单胞菌属丰度;韦恩图和花瓣图显示,NormalG菌群数量最多,ModelG最少,TongG较ModelG增多且程度大于ShuangG,共有种群数量更趋近于NormalG;稀释曲线和等级聚类曲线结果均显示TongG的肠道菌群丰度及均匀度更趋近NormalG;箱型图展示TongG与NormalG多样性、离散程度、中位数更接近;PCOA分析结果显示TongG相较ShuangG,与NormalG重合度更高。结论：痛泻要方能纠正IBS-D患者存在的菌群失衡,促使肠道菌群结构趋于正常,且改善程度优于双歧杆菌三联活菌片。     

沉积物孔隙毛细管压力与甲烷水合物饱和度关系研究

To better understand the relationship between the pore capillary pressure and hydrate saturation in sediments, a new method was proposed. First, the phase equilibria of methane hydrate in fine-grained silica sands were measured. As to the equilibrium data, the pore capillary pressure and saturation of methane hydrate were calculated. The results showed that the phase equilibria of methane hydrates in fine-grained silica sands changed due to the depressed activity of pore water caused by the surface group and negatively charged characteristic of silica particles as well as the capillary pressure in small pores together. The capillary pressure increased with the increase of methane hydrate saturation due to the decrease of the available pore space. However, the capillary-saturation relationship could not yet be described quantitatively because of the stochastic habit of hydrate growth.     

河南铝土矿的表生富集

河南铝土矿的品级与表生氧化淋滤作用关系明显,表现在矿石的结构构造、物理性质、埋深等方面。活动的贫硅地下水是表生富集的主要营力。表生富集作用对中高品级矿石的影响较大,对低品级矿石的影响较小,其影响深度可达50～200m。     

西太平洋深海海水中乙醛降解菌多样性及群落结构研究

As a major aldehyde pollutant widely existing in industry and our daily life, acetaldehyde is more and more harmful to human health. As characteristic habitat niche, bacteria from deep sea environments are abundant and distinctive in heredity, physiology and ecological functions. Thus, the development of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria from deep sea provides a new method to harness acetaldehyde pollutant. Firstly, in this study,acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria in the deep sea water of the West Pacific Ocean were enriched in situ and in the laboratory respectively, and then the diversity of uncultured bacteria was studied by using 16 S r RNA genes. Then acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from two samples, including enrichment in situ and enrichment in laboratory samples of deep sea water from the West Pacific Ocean using acetaldehyde as the sole carbon source,and then the ability of acetaldehyde degradation was detected. Our results showed that the main uncultured bacteria of two samples with different enrichment approaches were similar, including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, but the structure of bacterial community were significant different.Four subgroups, α, γ, δ and ε, were found in Proteobacteria group. The γ-Proteobacteria was dominant(63.5%clones in laboratory enriched sample, 75% clones in situ enriched sample). The species belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and their proportion was nearly identical between the two enrichment samples, and Vibrio was the predominant genus(45% in laboratory enriched sample, 48.5% in situ enriched sample), followed by Halomonas(9% in situ enriched sample) and Streptococcus(6% in laboratory enriched sample). A total of 12 acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from the two samples, which belonged to Vibrio, Halomonas,Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus of γ-Proteobacteria. Strains ACH-L-5, ACH-L-8 and ACH-S-12,belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas, have strong ability of acetaldehyde degradation, which could tolerate 1.5 g/L acetaldehyde and degrade 350 mg/L acetaldehyde within 24 hours. Our results indicated that bacteria of γ-Proteobacteria may play an important role in carbon cycle of deep sea environments, especial the bacteria belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas and these strains was suggested for their potentials in government of aldehyde pollutants.     

南海神狐海域沉积物自生黄铁矿和石膏S同位素特征及对甲烷渗漏强度的示踪

The northern slope of the South China Sea is a gas-hydrate-bearing region related to a high deposition rate of organic-rich sediments co-occurring with intense methanogenesis in subseafloor environments.Anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) coupled with bacterial sulfate reduction results in the precipitation of solid phase minerals in seepage sediment,including pyrite and gypsum.Abundant aggregates of pyrites and gypsums are observed between the depth of 667 and 850 cm below the seafloor(cmbsf) in the entire core sediment of HS328 from the northern South China Sea.Most pyrites are tubes consisting of framboidal cores and outer crusts.Gypsum aggregates occur as rosettes and spheroids consisting of plates.Some of them grow over pyrite,indicating that gypsum precipitation postdates pyrite formation.The sulfur isotopic values(δ~(34) S) of pyrite vary greatly(from –46.6‰ to –12.3‰ V-CDT) and increase with depth.Thus,the pyrite in the shallow sediments resulted from organoclastic sulfate reduction(OSR) and is influenced by AOM with depth.The relative high abundance and δ~(34) S values of pyrite in sediments at depths from 580 to 810 cmbsf indicate that this interval is the location of a paleo-sulfate methane transition zone(SMTZ).The sulfur isotopic composition of gypsum(from–25‰ to –20.7‰) is much lower than that of the seawater sulfate,indicating the existence of a 34 S-depletion source of sulfur species that most likely are products of the oxidation of pyrites formed in OSR.Pyrite oxidation is controlled by ambient electron acceptors such as MnO_2,iron(Ⅲ) and oxygen driven by the SMTZ location shift to great depths.The δ~(34) S values of gypsum at greater depth are lower than those of the associated pyrite,revealing downward diffusion of 34 S-depleted sulfate from the mixture of oxidation of pyrite derived by OSR and the seawater sulfate.These sulfates also lead to an increase of calcium ions from the dissolution of calcium carbonate mineral,which will be favor to the formation of gypsum.Overall,the mineralogy and sulfur isotopic composition of the pyrite and gypsum suggest variable redox conditions caused by reduced seepage intensities,and the pyrite and gypsum can be a recorder of the intensity evolution of methane seepage.     

广西凌云县逻楼金矿生产性堆浸试验研究

本文介绍了广西凌云县逻楼金矿微细粒浸染型金氧化矿石的生产性堆浸试验。试验方法采用氰化法堆浸,其工艺流程是:原矿石—二段破碎—筑堆—洗矿—喷淋浸出—炭吸附—解吸—电解—熔炼。试验结果:入选矿石量3231t,矿石品位Au2.56g/t,浸出时间48天,尾渣品位Au0.69g/t,金浸出率72.86％,回收率70.25％,回收黄金5735.24克。金生产单位成本为39.67元/克,获纯利润4.7万元,取得了较好的经济效益。     

褐藻酸降解菌侵染海带过程的超微结构观察

首次研究了褐藻酸降解菌侵入海带的途径，通过电镜观察，跟踪研究了褐藻酸降解菌染海带过程中海带表皮细胞壁的超微结构变化。结果表明，褐藻酸降解侵染海带的过程是首先引起海带表皮细胞壁藻胶层表面的破坏，然后引起藻胶层的断裂，并使藻胶层逐渐降解变突，最后褐藻酸降解菌通过海带细胞的壁藻胶层的断裂变突处进入海带细胞内。