卫矛醇对C6胶质瘤细胞体外抗癌活性及机制探讨

目的:研究卫矛醇对C6胶质瘤细胞株的体外增殖及凋亡的影响。方法：将C6大鼠胶质瘤细胞随机分为对照组、卫矛醇干预组、卫矛醇+雷帕霉素组、卫矛醇+3-MA组,各组予不同药物孵育,采用MTT法检测卫矛醇对C6细胞的体外增殖抑制率,筛选出抑制率相对较高且生长状态良好的细胞;应用Hoechest 33342染色透射电镜观察细胞凋亡亚显微结构的改变,采用免疫荧光和Western Blot技术检测与凋亡和自噬相关蛋白的表达水平。结果:卫矛醇对C6胶质瘤细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,并呈现出良好的浓度-效应相关性,与对照组比较,随着浓度的增加,细胞的增殖抑制率上升(P＜0.01);Hoechst染色结果显示,与对照组相比,共同孵育卫矛醇24 h后的C6细胞出现明显的核固缩现象,证明有大量的细胞出现凋亡;Western Blot结果显示,与对照组相比,促凋亡基因Bax表达上调,抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表达下调。结论:卫矛醇能够抑制C6细胞的增殖,并诱导其凋亡,其作用机制可能与上调Bax、下调Bcl-2有关。     

北大别饶拔寨石榴辉石岩P-T-t轨迹及其构造意义

P-T-t轨迹作为变质岩的重要研究方法之一，对揭示岩石的构造演化过程具有重要意义。北大别饶拔寨镁铁-超镁铁岩形成的构造环境和就位过程长期以来尚存争议。本文通过岩相学观察、矿物化学研究和温压计计算，揭示出饶拔寨石榴辉石岩经历了四个变质演化阶段：1）超高压变质阶段（M1）：主要根据石榴子石中金红石的出溶，单斜辉石中石英的出溶和磷灰石中不透明矿物的出溶，结合前人研究，认为饶拔寨石榴辉石岩经历过超高压变质阶段（≥2.5GPa）；2）高压麻粒岩相阶段（M2）：矿物组合为石榴子石（变斑晶）和单斜辉石（基质）+斜长石（基质），记录的温压条件为T=648~700℃，P=1.47~1.94GPa；3）中压麻粒岩相阶段（M3）：以石榴子石外围发育的主要由斜方辉石+斜长石组成的内圈"白眼圈"为特征，形成的温压条件为T=781~796℃，P=0.92~0.98GPa；4）角闪岩相阶段（M4）：以石榴子石变斑晶周围发育的外圈"白眼圈"为特征，其矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石的后成合晶，形成的温压条件为T=663~685℃，P=0.50~0.58GPa。石榴辉石岩的锆石SIMS U-Pb定年得到了3组不同的交点年龄，分别为208.1~202.1Ma、227.6Ma和817.7Ma。根据锆石包裹体中角闪石+斜长石的组合，推断208.1~202.1Ma代表了角闪岩相变质年龄的下限，227.6Ma则是高压麻粒岩相的下限年龄，而新元古代年龄（817.7Ma）与区域上的变质岩原岩年龄一致，可能代表了其原岩年龄。结合前人研究，饶拔寨石榴辉石岩记录了顺时针的P-T-t轨迹，揭示了板片俯冲（超高压变质）-碰撞-折返（降压升温过程，~227Ma）-抬升（降压降温过程，208~202Ma）的完整过程。     

水生观赏植物在湿地建设中的应用

水生观赏植物的利用是湿地恢复工作的重要内容之一,直接关系到湿地景观整体效果。在湿地的池边水畔、岩石缝隙、水面等不同的环境中种植各种水生观赏植物能给人一种自然美的感觉。水生观赏植物的姿态、色彩及清香,加强了水体的空间感和美感,并具有净化水体的生态作用。如北京翠     

“第34届国际水文地质大会”即将在京召开

水文地质学作为与国民经济发展密切相关的应用学科，在世界各国水资源调查、保护和管理方面发挥着重要的支撑作用。2006年是国际水文地质学家协会（IAH）成立五十周年。因此，2006年10月09日-2006年10月13日国际水文地质学家协会和中国国土资源部将在北京市联合举办“第34届国际水文地质大会”。这将是继1988年中国在桂林市成功举办“第21届国际水文地质大会”之后，再次在中国举办国际水文地质大会。     

Possibility of degradation of phenylarsonic acid in the presence of ferrihydrite

Although inorganic species are predominant in natural systems, but there are many kinds of organoarsenic species such as methylated and phenylated arsenic compounds. Phenylarsonic acid （PA） is a degradation product of organoarsenics used for chemical warfare agents, which has been detected in well water at the disposal site of the agents in Japan. There are few reports studying behavior of PA in soil. In this study, PA was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite and its chemical forms were determined using high performance liquid chromatography connected to inductivity-coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HPLC-ICP-MS）. 100 mg/kg of PA was mixed with 0.03 g of 2-line ferrihydrite. For each suspension, pH was adjusted by HNO3 or NaOH. Each sample was incubated for more than 19 hours and the final pH was measured. After filtration, the chemical form of arsenic in the filtrate was measured using HPLC-ICP-MS. In addition, ferrihydrite separated by filtration was dissolved by 3 ml of 0.5 M HCI and the arsenic species in the solution was detected by HPLC-ICP-MS （column： Tosoh TSKgel SuperlC-AP, eluent： 0.01 M HNO3）. It was verified that PA is not degraded by heating in 0.5 M HCl solution. At pH 3.1, any arsenic compounds were not detected from the solution, because almost all arsenic species were adsorbed onto ferrihydrite at lower pH. At pH= 12, however, 7%-10% of inorganic arsenic was detected in the solution. In solid phase, there are some problems to determine the precise ratio of inorganic and organic species. When the solution includes Fe ion at 0.01 M level, the retention time of arsenic species drifted compared to those in standard solution, which makes it difficult to determine precisely the arsenic species adsorbed on ferrihydrite. Therefore, more study is needed to determine the ratio of inorganic and organic species in the system.     

Overcoming flood and desiccation made by implementing artificial recharge toward absorption reservoir

Flood and desiccation are perceived as two most critical and influential disasters which contradict between causes and consequences. Flood occurs when the water surface could no longer flow the whole water flow, thus, the water flooded. Contradicted to that, desiccation occurs when the water flow contains a low volume of water deposit, thus, the water requirement exceeds the available potential. That condition was caused by land utilization as the consequences due to the increased land requirement for housing or industrial needs. An attempt to overcome the flood, nowadays, is implemented mostly in a structural way, through building canals, implementing rivers normalization, building gateways or building flood control pump which are more directed toward the flood direction in order to increase the surface flow in an immediate maner to the sea. However, the effort to overcome the flood its self, could be more effective if followed by an effort to increase the soil ability to absorb natural recharge or artificial recharge or by refilling the water into the earth surface. Absorption reservoir used as one of technology alternatives （artificial recharge） could also be used to support the attempt to overcome flood and desiccation. Absorption reservoir is a dam which was designed according to the basic principles, such as the bottom surface of the reservoir that has a high permeability surface; the surface of the reservoir water is higher （higher aquifer） along with a high permeability, considering the availability of water source that has been absorbed and its quality; considering the aquifer category on the water absorption dam;     

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.     

Effect of particles on the photodegradation of PAHs in natural waters-A case study for the Yellow River

Photodegradation of chrysene, benzo （a） pyrene and benzo （g, h, i） perylene in natural water of the Yellow River was studied using simulation sunlight. The effects of particulates on the photodegradation were explored. Several results arose from this study. （1） The photodegradation of PAHs can be fitted with first-order kinetics when no particulate exists in water system, and the first-order constant increases with decreasing of initial concentration of PAHs. The photodegradation rates of the three PAHs are related to their molecule absorption spectrum. （2） The existence of loess exerts two kinds of effects on the photodegradation of PAHs, including the inner filter effects and the photosensitizing effects of humic substance in loess. These two contrary effects lead to the difference of net effects among different contents of loess. When the loess contents are 0.1 and 5.0 g/L, the existence of loess stimulates the photodegradation of chrysene, benzo （a） pyrene. When the loess content is 5.0 g/L, the existence of loess stimulates the photodegradation of benzo （g, h, i） perylene. In addition, the photodegradation of PAHs can be fitted with the second-order kinetics when there is loess in the water system. （3） The soluble humic substances in loess can accelerate the photodegradation of PAHs while the in soluble part cannot. （4） Since the soluble humic substances in the suspended solids of the river have been dissolved in water,     

Water chemical behavior at Yangtze （Changjiang） River estuary

Geochemical cycling has received wide attention due to the need to understand the pathways of pollutants through our present environment. In this regard the Yangtze River plays a significant role in putting those pollutants into the East China SeafWorld Oceans. The Yangtze River is of high sedimentation rate and water discharge. The watershed covers variable climate regions from temperate to subtropical and from semiarid to humid. Twenty three （23） sampling locations at the estuary have been selected for understanding the dynamic relationships. The elements （Cl^-, SO4^2-, Na^＋, K^＋, and Ca^2＋） show conservative behavior during mixing of fresh water with saline water whereas Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋ show a non-conservative pattern . The relationships between Na^＋/SO4^2- and Cl^-/SO4^2- molar ratios show a mixing of more than two water sources.     

封面图片说明：邦达草原

邦达草原位于青藏高原东部西藏昌都地区，是横断山区北部他念他翁山高山深谷中一块地势宽缓、水草丰美的高寒草原。其东面为澜沧江，西侧是怒江，平均海拔约4000m；怒江支流玉曲上游由北向南蜿蜒流淌其中，两岸广阔的低湿滩地牧草生长茂盛。邦达草原也是许多重要药用植物的主要产区，诸如冬虫夏草、贝母、人参果、大黄、大叶秦艽和红景天等。每年6～8月草原绿茵如毡，开满了五颜六色的小花，成群的牛羊悠闲地觅食，碧蓝的天空白云飘动，无垠的高原宛如一幅秀美的风光画卷!全世界最高的机场——邦达机场（海拔4300多m）就坐落在草原上。