利用海底地震仪数据分析台风对海底环境噪音的影响

在海底布设的海底地震仪（OBS）能比较清晰地记录到海底的环境噪音,而台风可以直接或间接的产生在海底传播的弹性波,从而影响海底的环境噪音,并在较大程度上影响OBS的数据记录。本文通过分析台风对工作区的整个影响过程中OBS记录数据的振幅变化,再选择合适的滤波方式,首次发现台风产生的风浪及涌浪在短周期海底地震仪的记录数据上有良好的表现特征,指出了台风对海底环境噪音的另一种可能的影响方式,并由此得出：1）台风产生的风浪和涌浪对海底环境噪音的影响模式不同;2）风浪和涌浪所加强的海底环境噪音的范围和程度不同;3）短周期OBS可以比较清晰的记录涌浪信息,其周期主要是6—8 s,且能量稳定（简称“8秒现象”）。这三点结论为后期的海洋地震研究和海洋学其他研究提供经验与借鉴。     

余辉等离子体中的谐振现象及其在空间研究中的可能应用

用谐振探针在余辉式等离子体中进行测量,观察到了谐振效应。与某些作者的结论不同的是:可证明这一谐振发生在等离子体频率ω_p处而没有强的阻尼。如果用这一方法进行等离子体浓度测量也不受探针污染的影响。进而指出这一技术在空间等离子体研究方面可能的应用。     

第四纪环境研究新理论

On the basis of extensive survey to the Quatemary paleosols, soils and weathering layers in the vast northern China and the Loess Plateau, we found some unusually special phenomena of chemical components such as unsuccessive illuvium, twin illuviums, unusually thick illuvium and multi-illuviums etc. According to the analysis on the content of CaCO3 and the data of penetrating experiment, a new theory of illuvial depth or removal depth of CaCO3 in weathering and leaching belt was constructed, which indicates that the time of CaCO3 removing to the illuvial depth is very short,and the effect of time factor on illuvial depth can be ignored. The theory can be taken as a credible foundation for studying many geological and geographical problems in weathering and leaching belt.When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 iS bigger than the thickness of developing belt of soil or paleosol, it can be determined that the paleosol has turned into weathering crust. When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 is bigger than the thickness of paleosol, paleosol is leaching moderately acid soil. When two, three layers or unusually thick CaCO3 illuviums exist in the same weathering section or at the bottom of the same paleosol, there were two or more periods forming paleosol and corresponding climatic stages at that time. On the basis of the equation of relationship between mean annual rainfall (y) and illuvial depth of CaCO3 (x) (y = 305.5x 168.5) determined in the paper, mean annual precipitation during the development of paleosol can be calculated.     

闪电到底有多快

闪电是大气中十分壮观炫丽的现象之一,通常伴随着震耳欲聋的雷鸣发生在强对流天气过程中。在很长的时间里,人们对闪电的看法仅限于赞叹和畏惧,有人形象地称之为“天笑”,还有人则认为是“上帝之火”。早在1749年,富兰克林就用风筝实验证实了闪电其实是大气中发生的火花放电现象。当发生闪电时,会放出大量的光和热,     

考虑分层特性的尾砂胶结充填体强度折减试验研究

充填体分层现象在分段或阶段嗣后填充采空区过程中较为常见。设置65%、70%、72%和75% 4个浓度,填充次数为1、2、3和4制作不同分层胶结充填体试件,进行单轴压缩试验探究其力学强度及其破坏模式。试验结果表明：（1）相同浓度条件下,随着填充次数增多,胶结充填体的单轴抗压强度弱化效应越明显,而当浓度在65%～75%之间变化时,对应强度折减系数介于0.592～0.967;（2）充填体单轴抗压强度与填充次数之间满足二次多项式函数关系,而与料浆浓度呈对数函数分布;（3）不同分层胶结充填体的破坏模式主要表现为共轭剪切破坏和贯穿分层面的张拉破坏。低强度夹层可能是导致分层胶结充填体强度降低的原因,能够为后期填充采空区的充填体强度设计提供可靠的理论依据。     

一种正射影像拉花现象的处理方法

在地形变化剧烈的正射影像中,受摄影时中心投影对影像获取的影响,数字微分纠正过程中部分成像信息不足的图像区域会出现被过度拉伸的现象,称之为拉花现象.基于此,深入分析了拉花现象的形成机理,提出了一种基于Z-Buffer的拉花区域检测方法.首先对拉花区域进行标记,再采用对向互补策略,基于相邻未拉花影像对该区域重新进行数字微分...     

卷层云与三种容易混淆的天空现象辨析

春季，德州地区干旱少雨，经常出现大风天气。远处尘沙经上层气流传播而来或沙尘暴、扬沙出现后，尚未下沉的大量极细微的尘粒均匀地浮游在空中，在太阳光的照射下，天空呈均匀的乳白色、白色或微黄色，这种天空状况特征与卷层云极为相似，观测时易误记为卷层云。……     

Impact of Human Activities on Depositional Process of Tidal Flat in Quanzhou Bay of China

As a very important component of a coastal system,tidal flats come to be a focus of the studies on land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone because those areas are subjected to intense human activities and are highly sensitive to the global change.The Quanzhou Bay,located along the middle part of Fujian coast of China,covers about 136.4km2,and the area of coastal wetland in the entire bay from intertidal to subtidal with 6m of water depth accounts for 96% of the total area.Seven short cores were collected and divided in situ with the interval of 5cm on the coastal wetlands of Quanzhou Bay on April 19,2006.The sediment samples were scattered and the grain sizes were measured by using Mastersizer 2000.Human beings' activities on tidal flat have disturbed the vertical distribution of sediments in stratigraphic sequence and accelerated the sedimentation rates.Grain size analysis results show that the grain size diameters increase and sediment becomes worse sorted towards the sea under the strong human disturbance;Spartina alterniflora can play a role of trapping the fine sediment;but near the bank,the sediment becomes coarse and there are two peak values on frequency curve influenced by the sandpile.The trough formed by human activities along the coastline changes the transport path of water and suspended sediment.The sediments are transported through the trough and deposit in it during the flood;the ebb flow is retarded by the flow output through the adjacent trough,and the deposited sediment can not be re-suspended;then,the sedimentation rate increases.In situ observation show that the sedimentation rate is about 8-10cm/yr.     

自动气象站地温数值跳变故障分析及排除

自动气象站监控系统升级以来,通过监控系统监测到个别自动气象站温度要素数值出现不同程度跳变的故障现象。如某自动站某天13个时次的320 cm深层地温正点观测数据中,01时到02时,地温的正点数据从9.2oC下降到9.0oC,跳变0.2oC;06时到07时,正点数据从9.1oC上升到9.3oC,跳变0.2oC;0     

藻类勃发—湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制

浮游藻类是重要的湖相生油母质，本文以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷早第三纪湖相生油岩为例，研究了其中藻类（主要是颗石藻和沟鞭藻＿化石的分布特征，并通过与现代水体中藻类生产和沉积作用的比较，探讨了生油湖泊中藻类生产和沉积方式及其对油源岩形成所起的控制作用，结果显示，藻类勃发现象在早第三纪生油湖泊中相当普遍，而且贯穿于各类油源岩的形成过程，这类快速事件性沉积是湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制。