黄河口及其邻近海域大型底栖动物的初步研究 (一)生物量

1985年5-6月对黄河口及其邻近海域的27个站进行了大型底栖动物的首航定量调查。调查海域平均生物量为35.28g/m~2,平均密度为557inds/m~2。棘皮动物占总生物量的47.2％,软体动物占34.2％,多毛类和甲壳类分别占7.5％和6.2％。莱州湾的生物量为调查海域平均生物量的3.5倍。河口输入的营养盐在与高密度低营养盐海水混合过程中,逐渐下沉在莱州湾北部,这是控制该海域高生产力的主要因素。     

黄海西部底栖海藻记录的评论

黄海西部是指北起鸭绿江口,南至长江口(包括渤海)的中国沿岸。这一带的海藻研究,迄今将近百年,目前已掌握的海藻分类研究文献共有45篇。我们在研究和分析这些文献后,把这些海藻记录归的为3类。(1)可以接受的记录：根据我们十多年来在黄海沿岸的调查采集经验证实所记录的产生于黄海西部的海藻,或虽尚未采到,但就目前的资料分析,估计该项记录可能是正确的。(2)待证实的记录：有些海藻记录无法肯定其鉴定是否正确,需待重新检查其原标本后始能确定的。(3)不能接受的记录：这类记录中,有些是已被藻类学家所否定,有些经检查原定名标本后证实是错误的,有些则根据地理分布观点,被认为是不可能生长在这个海区的种类。 根据黄海西部的海藻研究的发展情况,我们把过去的工作划分为两个历史阶段。     

潮汐对瞬态气候响应模拟的影响研究

In this study, the impact of oceanic processes on the sensitivity of transient climate change is investigated using two sets of coupled experiments with and without tidal forcing, which are termed Exp_Tide and Exp_Control,respectively. After introducing tidal forcing, the transient climate response(TCR) decreases from 2.32 K to 1.90 K,and the surface air temperature warming at high latitudes decreases by 29%. Large ocean heat uptake efficiency and heat storage can explain the low TCR in Exp_Tide. Approximately 21% more heat is stored in the ocean in Exp_Tide(1.10×10~(24) J) than in Exp_Control(0.91×10~(24) J). Most of the large ocean warming occurs in the upper 1 000 m between 60°S and 60°N, primarily in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. This ocean warming is closely related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC). The initial transport at mid-and high latitudes and the decline in the AMOC observed in Exp_Tide are both larger than those observed in Exp_Control. The spatial structures of AMOC are also different with and without tidal forcing in present experiments. The AMOC in Exp_Tide has a large northward extension. We also investigated the relationship between AMOC and TCR suggested by previous studies using the present experiments.     

马蹄礁底栖海藻的研究

In this paper, the composition, distribution, seasonal variation and biomass of benthic algae of Qingdao Mati Reef were studied during the period from May of 1981 to April of 1982.The results of the investigation are as follows: 1. 83 species of benthic algae of Qingdao Mati Reef were found,and they are indentified as: 13 Chlorophyta, 16 Phaeophyta and 54 Rhodo-phyta.2. According to the flora of 83 species of benthic algae in Qingdao Mati Reef, it seems that they belong to warm temperate.3. The annual biomass and biomass variation of benthic algae in March were hightest of the west part of Qingdao Mati Reef.     

印度西大陆边缘富含气体沉积物及气体水合物层的检测

在印度西大陆边缘外的高分辨率地震反射和浅层剖面都揭示了在内陆架上有空白反射、反射波终断与渗流相伴生的形式出现的声学屏蔽特征的存在。这些屏蔽现象揭示了富含气体沉积物的存在。在外陆架-中陆坡地区，那些麻坑地形及上覆水体中突出的羽状流都清楚地表明有气体从陆坡沉积物中渗流出来，而正是这种渗流反映了源岩的存在。地震剖面也揭示了中-下陆-陆隆地区存在着似海底反射波（BSR），同时推测认为存在着气体水合物。BSR大约出现在海底之下300-600ms(TWTT)、水深525-2200m的范围内，它们偶然地呈不连续特征。在BSR之上同样也可以见到清楚的反射空白区及声学空白带。相反，杂乱/或散射的双曲线反射波则出现在BSR之下，这可能是富含气体沉积物存在的一种反映。褶皱、底辟构造及断层均存于陆坡-陆隆区，它们可能成为流体及甲烷气体从深部向上运移的通道及圈闭。     

魁蚶的人工底播增殖

魁蚶底播增殖投资少、成本低,效益明显,同时有利于恢复海底资源,现将我们的做法介绍如下。 Ⅰ. 海区选择     

Elemental geochemical records of seafloor hydrothermal activities in the sediments from the Okinawa Trough

The major and minor element contents in the sediment core H9 from the hydrothermal fields of the Okinawa Trough show a sharp change at the depth of 80 cm. The elements enriched in the upper 80 cm core are those enriched in the hydrothermal deposits and in the surface sediments recovered from the hydrothermal fields in the trough, which indicates the input of hydrothermal materials. Comparing with other hydrothermal sediments from Mid-ocean Ridges or the Lau Basin, the degree of the enrichment of elements iron, copper,cobalt, and nickel is relatively low. However, the enrichment of elements manganese, lead, arsenic, antimony and mercury is remarkable. The average contents of these elements in the upper 80 cm core sediments are three to six times those in the lower section, and 3~12 times those in the surface sediments which are not influenced by hydrothermal activities. Hydrothermal activities have contributed significant manganese, lead, arsenic, antimony and mercury to the sediments, and these elements are distinct indicators for the hydrothermal activity in the Okinawa Trough. The significant enrichment of these elements in Core H9 upward from the depth 80 cm indicates the start or the significant enhancing of the hydrothermal activity in this area at about 5 740 aB.P. The average accumulation rate of manganese during this period is about 40 461 μg/(cm2·ka), which is similar to the hydrothermal sediments in the Lau Basin or the East Pacific Rise.     

东太平洋柱状沉积物的古气候和古环境记录

太平洋深海盆地的远洋沉积物在物质组成和来源上远较大陆边缘简单.由于远离大陆,又有海沟与周边大陆分隔,太平洋深海沉积物中通常不包含由河流水系搬运而来的悬浮物,因此从深海沉积物中提取古气候、古环境信息可以避免诸多地质因素相互叠加和干扰[1].深海远洋沉积物中的主要组分是风成陆源碎屑(包括火山碎屑)和来自上层海水的生源组分(降落到洋底的生物壳体)以及由海解作用形成的自生矿物[2],其中陆源碎屑的相对含量、粒度及矿物成分可以反映大气环流的强度及物源区的气候环境[1],生源组分的组成、相对含量和丰度以及种属含量变化则与表层海水的生产力和溶解作用有关.     

南极生物热耐受性:热极限的进化和适应性调节

温室效应和全球气候变化已经影响到南、北极地区,极地气温升高对于极地生物链的基础部分产生巨大影响.南极生物链中的关键初级生产力是微藻,南极冰藻是极好的生态指示种.南极冰藻在高于生长适宜温度下生长受到抑制,抵抗高温胁迫的机制和能力制约着南极冰藻的生存,南极冰藻生存威胁到极地生态的生物多样性和极地生物链的完整性.持续低温环境进化过程对极端适冷微藻热适应机理的影响是理解极地气候变化对南极冰藻生态影响的依据.