行星反照率的取值和假设的讨论

首先分析了Wang的有关行星反照率假设的错误之处,而后分别对Budyko、North的行星反照率假设提出修改方案,最后提出了有关行星反照率的非线性分段、反馈假设:     

METHOD FOR IN SITU DETERMINATION OF Pco2 IN SEA-AIR EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEM

The method for determining Pco2 in the atmosphere and water by using gas chroma-tography was studied. For determination of Pco2 in the atmosphere, a sampling method was developed in which the chromatograph was connected to a 6-port valve with a sampling pipe opening to the atmosphere, so gas pressure in the sampling pipe was identical to that of the atmoesphere. A semi-automatic seawater-atmosphere equilibrium system was designed to determine the Pco2 in seawater. The equilibrium chamber contained in situ seawater and the well-equilibrated gas was pushed into the sampling pipe by sample wa-ter, so pressure and temperature calibration could be avoided. This method has high accuracy for the de-termination of Pco2 in the air and seawater, and was used for in situ determination of Pco2 in the atmo-sphere and of the seawater sample in the JGOFS cruise in the East China Sea.     

Feasibility study of CO2 geological storage in China

It has been proved to be one effective means to reduce emissions of CO2 to mitigate the worsening global climate change through lots of projects and tests about CO2 geological storage. The sites that are suitable for CO2 geological storage include coal seams that can not be mined, deep saline aquifers, oil fields, and depleted gas fields. The emission of CO2 from fuel combustion is about 3.54 Gt in China in 2003, which is the second biggest in the world. Because the energy consumption in China mainly depends on fossil fuels for a long time in the future, China will become a country with the biggest emission of CO2 in the world, which will make China have to reduce the emissions of CO2 by some methods including geological storage. Based on lots of information about the reserves of coal seam methane and the rank of coal in the 68 coal basins in China, the total CO2 storage capacity in these coal basins was estimated according to the recovery coefficient and exchange ratio of CO2 to CHa.The total storage capacity in deep saline aquifers can be regarded as the total quantity of CO2 that can be dissolved in the saline aquifers at the depth from 1000m to 3000m under ground. The quantity can be estimated by multiplying the solubility of CO2 in the saline water and the volume of the appropriate aquifers. According to the reserve and quality of crude oil in 46 main oil basins in China, the CO2 storage capacity and the quantity of enhanced oil were calculated. The storage capacity of depleted gas fields can be derived from the reserve and depth of the gas fields. The total CO2 geological storage capacity is about 196.2 Gt CO2 that is as against 55.4 times the CO2 emission from fuel combustion in China in 2003. According to the results of the finished projects and tests about CO2-EOR and CO2-ECBM, the CO2 geological storage capacities in coal seams, deep saline aquifers, oil fields and depleted gas fields will be estimated.