中国稠油油田开发趋向

我国稠油资源非常丰富,在东部和西部几个大油区均有分布,而且储量很大。近年来由于热采等先进技术的应用,使稠油开采得以发展,呈现出良好的前景。     

Gamma—Ray Bursts：Afterglows and Central Engines

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most intense transient gamma-ray events in the sky; this, together with the strong evidence (the isotropic and inhomogeneous distribution of GRBs detected by BASTE) that they are located at cosmological distances, makes them the most energetic events ever known. For example, the observed radiation energies of some GRBs are equivalent to the total convertion into radiation of the mass energy of more than one solar mass. This is thousand times stronger than the energy of a supernova explosion. Some unconventional energy mechanism and extremely high conversion efficiency for these mysterious events are required. The discovery of host galaxies and association with supernovae at cosmoligical distances by the recently launched satellite of BeppoSAX and ground based radio and optical telescopes in GRB afterglow provides further support to the cosmological origin of GRBs and put strong constraints on their central engine. It is the aim of this article to review the possible central engines, energy mechanisms, dynamical and spectral evolution of GRBs, especially focusing on the afterglows in multi-wavebands.     

麻城1932年6．0级地震区地球物理场与深部环境研究

研究了麻城地区重、磁异常场特征，经反演计算获得了深部结构特征。对重力布格异常利用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ－Ｏｌｄｅｎｂｕｒｇ快速位场反演方法计算出莫霍面的展布，对航磁异常利用对数功率谱法和矩谱法计算出居里面深度。在此基础上，探讨该震区深部蕴震条件。主要结论是：①麻城－团凤断裂带为该区切割较深的主要控震构造；②１９３２年麻城６．０级地震发生在区域重力异常等值线梯度最大处，磁力异常区两局部正异常间的低值带，莫霍面及居里面隆起区边缘；③发震部位有其特定的深部蕴震构造及应力蕴震条件。     

兴城温泉热储构造与成因探讨

兴城温泉属断裂型热矿水,主要由西部丘陵区的降水补绐。导水通道以东西向断裂为主,导热通道为新华夏深大断裂。地下水在东西向断裂和新华夏断裂深部约1400m的交汇部位被加热,在新华夏低序次旋卷构造,即帚状构造的张性兼扭性断裂破碎带中富集。富集带的钻孔涌水量3000-4000m~3/d,水温66.5℃,矿化度4.309g/l,SiO_260·0mg/l,氡188.7-244.2×10~3Bq/m~3并含有Sr、Li、Mo、Rb、Ni、Cs等元素,属Cl-NaCa型。     

热释卤素找矿方法

热释卤素找矿方法试验研究在滨海冲积平原区,温暖潮湿和干旱的残积物、冲积物覆盖区,以及干旱草原和戈壁残山区的不同种类矿床上,均获清晰的异常。证明该方法在第四系覆盖区找盲矿、隐伏矿或查明断裂构造效果明显。     

极不充分采动条件下地表下沉规律及计算方法研究

随着煤矿开采的不断加深,地表呆动程度(开采宽度D与开采深度H之比DIH)不断降低,并逐渐趋向于极不充分采动,同样长度的工作面对地表的影响程度极不同于浅部开采。因此,需要重新认识深部开采时的地表下沉规律。极不充分采动条件下地表下沉规律具有特殊性。经过对国内外大量观测资料的综合分析,发现当开采宽度小于地表下沉起动距时(极不充分采动),地表的下沉或地表下沉率(q′／q)为零。当开采宽度达到地表移动起动距时,地表下沉缓慢增长;达到临界采动距时,地表下沉急剧增大。地表下沉率(q′／q)与开采宽、深比D／H之间为负指数函数关系。在极不充分采动条件下进行地表下沉预计时必须对概率积分法的下沉系数进行修正。算例证明了本文给出计算方法的可行性。但这种修正方法如何与概率积分法相统一仍需进一步研究。     

东南地洼区的地球物理特征及其深部构造力源机制探讨

本文较全面地探讨了东南地洼区反映深部构造特点的地球物理特征(波速结构,地温分布,电性,密度,重、磁场异常),综合分析了该区地洼构造形成、演化的力源机制,讨论了地洼构造与板块构造的力源机制关系问题。