精确导航系统的鉴定方法研究

初步探讨了精确导航系统鉴定试飞的新方法，介绍了由GPS相对定位得到的观测数据，采用最小二乘法，求解飞机精确位置的方法。     

邕宁台2004年和2005年印尼特大地震钻孔应变观测报告

邕宁台位于广西壮族自治区首府南宁市邕宁县蒲庙镇西北。距南宁市中心约27km，地处邕江支流八尺江畔。图1是邕宁台站的位置。台站构造背景是：北西向的右江断裂带与北东向的桂林-南宁断裂带在台站西约30km处交汇，台基岩石为坚硬、完整、大面积出露的石炭系灰岩。     

普若岗日冰原表面运动特征观测研究进展

冰川运动特征的分析研究有助于了解冰川的基本性质,是冰川学研究的重要内容之一.40a来,我国冰川学者先后对天山、阿尔泰山、祁连山、喀喇昆仑山、喜马拉雅山、念青唐古拉山以及横断山等部分冰川进行了冰川运动的观测研究^[1～6],施雅风、黄茂桓等较为系统的总结了天山乌鲁木齐河源一号冰川的运动机理以及我国大陆型冰川运动的某些特征.这些分析观测的冰川类型均为山谷冰川或冰斗山谷冰川,而对冰帽型冰川的运动特征的观测分析甚少.     

黑河流域典型景观植被带陆面过程同步观测研究

为了解内陆河流域不同尺度内与水循环及生态过程有关的水分、热量分布规律,在黑河流域上中下游选取3个典型植被景观带建立观测场,并布设环境观测系统(ENVIS)进行环境要素的同步观测.结果表明,山区森林草地灌丛复合生态区陆面是冷性湿润的下垫面,中游绿洲荒漠接触带是干性、较湿润的下垫面,下游荒漠河岸林景观带是干热性的下垫面.     

几种再分析地表气温资料在中国区域的适用性评估

应用台站观测资料对ERA-40、NCEP/NCAR、NCEP/DOE和JRA-25等几种再分析地表(2m)气温资料在中国不同区域、不同年代和季节的气候均值、年际变化和变率特征及其气候趋势等所反映出来的适用性问题进行了系统评估.结果表明,几种再分析产品在全国大多数地区的气候变化研究中都具有一定的合理性,特别是1979年以后的资料可靠性更高一些.但相比而言,它们在冬季的可信度一般要高于夏季,东部地区的可信度一般要高于西部地区;ERA-40和JRA-25再分析产品的适用性要高于NCEP/NCAR和NCEP/DOE再分析产品;其中,JRA-25在均值、年际变化和变率特征的描述上具有更高的可靠性,而ERA-40在长期气候变化趋势(44年)的描述上则要明显优于NCEP/NCAR再分析产品.     

Vertical Observations and Analysis of PM2.5, O3, and NOx at Beijing and Tianjin from Towers during Summer and Autumn 2006

During the period between 18 August and 22 September 2006, an ultraviolet photometric O3 analyzer, a NO-NO2-NOx chemiluminescence analyzer, and a quartz micro-oscillating-scale particle concentration analyzer were simultaneously used for monitoring at three different heights each at Beijing (325-m tower) and Tianjin (255-m tower). These towers belong to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and to the Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau, respectively. These measurements were used to continuously measure the atmospheric O3 and NOx volume-by-volume concentrations and the PM2.5 mass concentration within a vertical gradient. When combined with meteorological data and information on the variation of vertical characteristics of the various atmospheric pollutants in the two cities, analysis shows that these two cities were seriously polluted by both PM2.5 and O3 during summer and autumn. The highest daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 near the ground in Beijing and Tianjin reached 183 μg m-3 and 165 μg m-3, respectively, while the O3 concentrations reached 52 ppb and 77 ppb, and NOx concentrations reached 48 ppb and 62 ppb for these two cities, respectively. The variations in the daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 between Beijing and Tianjin were demonstrated to be consistent over time. The concentrations of PM2.5 measured in Beijing were found to be higher than those in Tianjin. However, the overall O3 concentrations near the ground in Tianjin were higher than in Beijing. NOx concentrations in Tianjin were consistently lower than in Beijing. It was also found that PM2.5 pollution in Beijings atmosphere may also be affected by the pollutants originating in and delivered from Tianjin, and that Ti     

潼关气象站周边环境变化对气象要素影响的事实分析

根据潼关县气象站周边环境在1993年发生严重变化的事实,将1981—2010年分为前后两段,对气温、地温、降水、风速等主要气象观测资料对比分析,并与气象要素相关性明显且观测环境变化不大的邻站——华阴气象站的资料对比分析,结果表明:潼关县气象站周边环境变化对气象要素影响最大的是风、气温和地温,其次是蒸发;对降水、水汽压影响不大。     

用雷达观测资料改进MM5初始场的初步试验研究

采用同时调整热力学和动力学变量，并考虑湿度与温度的变化相协调的初始化方法，引进雷达资料改善MM5模式的初始场。试验结果表明：经过优化处理的初始场，显著提高了模式对降水特别是甚短时(0～6h)降水的落区和量的预报准确率。其中调整热力学变量对改进降水落区预报比动力学变量的调整更为重要。     

NASA卫星观测及模式资料和WMO气象站点资料的可视化集成简介

1概况众所周知,目前可以从大量分散的气象数据服务中心获取卫星和站点观测资料,以及模式资料,但是对资料的检索、访问和处理要耗费很多的时间和精力。为此,南京信息工程大学大气资料服务中心（NADSC）和NASA（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）戈达德地球科学数据和信息服务中心（GES DISC,Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center）开展了国际合作研究,