An analytical study on the second-order resonance system of tide in an ideal partially-enclosed bay

In the numerical studies of a real tide M4 resonance system, the Xiangshan Port which is a partially-closed bay, Dong et al. [1999. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 21 （3）： 1-6] found the interesting phenomenon that the advection plays an important role in inhibiting the growth of the amplitude of the tidal second-order resonance response （M4）. This result is contrary to the general traditional ideas for a non-resonance system. How this phenomenon is interpreted and what internal mechanism is behind the phenomenon are the main focuses of this study. The followings are examined： （1） the dynamic features of a second-order resonance system of tide; （2） the dominating factors on the second-order resonance responses; （3） the effects of both the friction and the advection on the second-order resonance responses; and （4） their roles in dominating the second-order resonance response and internal mechanisms by using the analytical methods. The respective results show that： （1） Both the bottom friction and the advection play significant roles in dominating the magnitude of the amplitude of the second-order resonance responses; （2） the effect of the friction on the second-order resonance response depends on the distribution ratio of the work-done of the system to friction force exhausted into between the damping of the first-order system and the inner excitation of the second-order system; （3） the advection plays a positive role in increasing the amplitude of the second-order non-resonance response in the second order non-resonance of tide; （4） in a second-order resonance system of tide, the effect of the advection may be either to increase or to decrease the amplitudes of the second-order resonance responses of tide, which depends on the distribution ratio mentioned above.     

河海交互作用与苏北平原成因*

苏北平原向海侧分布着大冈、上冈两列古贝壳堤以及依此而建的范公堤;西侧有低山丘陵环绕,江淮水系河流汇入平原内侧的湖泊群,发育了伸出型三角洲;兴化、里下河地区是平原的最低洼处。这一系列地貌组合与分布特点,启迪着探究平原的成因。146m深的宝应望直港钻孔,穿透了2.58Ma以来的第四纪地层。沉积相、微体古生物、古地磁测定与沉积层常量元素分析等综合研究,阐明了4次主要的海洋作用沉积环境,尤其是晚更新世3.9~2.6万年前的浅海环境沉积更为显著。河湖相泛滥平原沉积与潮滩浅海沉积交互成层,证实了苏北平原是第四纪时期由河-海交互作用,从古海湾发育堆积成宽大平原。进一步工作需探索相关时期的江-海分布变化及黄河和黄渤海通道与苏北平原发育的关系。     

THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN THE JIULONG RIVER ESTUARY AND WESTERN XIAMEN BAY

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The biogeochemistry of carbon cycle in summer of the Prydz Bay, Antarctic I ： Characteristics of DOC distribution

The distributions and changes of dissolved organic carbon in the Prydz Bay and out open sea were investigated during CHINARE-15 ( the 15th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition). The results showed that the content of DOC was higher in the Prydz Bay and outer open sea compared to those typical of surface oceanic levels (70-80μM), average content of DOC in the surface water was 102.32 μM,the range was 68.23-125.92 μM. The vertical distribution of DOC in the water column was similar to many ocean sites, that is to say, the content of upper water is higher than deep water, a subsurface maximum persisted between 25-50 m. The DOC pool in the Prydz Bay were consisted with labile, semi-labile and refractory pools, in which refractory pools was mainly part. The concentration of refractory DOC was 92.34 and 76.89 μM in Prydz Bay and outer open sea, and account 77% and 82% for total DOC, respectively.     

广西海湾红树林区海水中氮的生物地球化学特征及其生态效应

2008年1月、5月、8月和11月,对广西壮族自治区合浦县海湾3个红树林区进行调查,并采集水样,研究各区海水中不同形态氮的含量分布、形态特征、相互关系和氮磷比及其对生态环境的影响效应。结果表明,广西壮族自治区合浦县海湾红树林区海水中各形态氮主要以陆源的补充为主,以凋落物的释放补充为辅;其中,总氮、颗粒态氮、溶解态氮和溶解无机氮含量都具有春季、夏季偏高和秋季、冬季偏低的特征,只有溶解有机氮含量具有夏季最高、秋季和冬季次之、春季明显偏低的特征;研究区海水中氮的存在形态主要以溶解态氮为主,其占总氮的81.74%,但在溶解态氮中,溶解有机氮仅以55.06%略占优势;研究区海水中各形态氮含量之间多有显著正相关关系,但四季都能保持高度一致迁移、转化规律的只有总氮与溶解态氮、溶解无机氮和溶解态氮与溶解无机氮,溶解态氮和溶解无机氮无疑成为总氮的主导控制因子。研究区海水中各形态氮含量明显受到环境因子的影响,其中受悬浮物和总有机碳含量的影响较大,受透明度、总碱度、水温和叶绿素a含量的影响次之,受盐度和p H的影响相对较小;研究区海水中各形态氮含量对基础生物量(初级生产力、浮游植物总细胞数和浮游动物总个体数)和浮游生物结构(总种数、丰度、均匀度、多样性指数和多样性阀值)的影响明显,前者以正面影响为主,后者以负面影响为主,春季的影响程度尤为突出;除颗粒态氮与颗粒态磷含量的比值以12.23的明显低值显示氮的相对缺乏外,海湾红树林区海水中的其余4种形态氮含量的比值都在33.07~91.75之间,呈富足状态,尤以溶解无机氮最为显著,这与氮的来源途径较多、转化速率较高有关。     

光合细菌(PSB)饲喂海湾扇贝幼虫的试验

光合细菌(Photo Synthetic Bacteria,简称 PSB)是一种以光为能源,以CO_2或有机物质为碳源而繁殖的微生物,广泛分布于海洋、河流、土壤及污泥表层中。光合细菌具有净化水质的能力,其菌体含有丰富的蛋白质,V_(B12)、叶酸、生长素等促生物生长因子,是鱼虾、贝幼虫的良好饵料,近几年引起国内外水产界的重视。     

塔里木古海湾新生代海退时限及方式的初步探讨

对库车盆地新生代84个石膏或硬石膏进行硫同位素分析, 用以划分该时期内海侵—海退旋回以及最终海退时限的标定。石膏δ34S值演化特征显示, 库车盆地新生代经历了两次明显的海侵, 其分别为古新世中期和始新世中后期。库车盆地新生代最终海退时限与西部塔里木海湾在天山山前带的退缩时限相一致, 表明至少在渐新世中晚期塔里木海湾才完全消失。通过区域对比, 本文将新生代塔里木海湾的海退时限和方式概括为: ①始新世早期塔里木海湾在昆仑山前带的西段最先发生海退; ②之后, 海退向昆仑山东段开始迁移, 至始新世晚期海退延伸至盖孜、阿尔塔什等地; ③最终, 海退由南向北迁移至天山一带, 至渐新世末期特提斯海水完全退出塔里木地区。塔里木盆地新生代海退时限、方式进一步指示了印度—亚洲大陆碰撞所产生的构造作用具有明显的距离效应; 塔里木海湾新生代不同地区在海退时限上的不同步性说明, 塔里木盆地新生代海侵—海退旋回不是单一地受全球海平面升降的控制, 而是全球海平面变化以及区域构造活动等多种因素共同作用的结果。     

Diagnostic model construction and example analysis of habitat degradation in enclosed bay: I. diagnostic model construction

Presently, research is lacking regarding the diagnosis and evaluation of habitat degradation in enclosed bay systems. We established a diagnostic model for enclosed bay habitat degradation （EBHD model） using a multi-approach integrated diagnostic method in consideration of driving force-pressure- state-influence-response. The model optimizes the indicator standardization with annual average change rate of habitat degradation as the basic element, to reflect accurately the impact of the change and speed of degradation on the diagnostic results, to quantify reasonably the contribution of individual diagnostic indicator to habitat degradation, and to solve the issue regarding the influence of subjective factors on the evaluation results during indicator scoring. We then applied the EBHD model for the Sansha Bay in Fujian Province, China, evaluated comprehensively the situation of habitat degradation in the bay, and screened out the major controlling factors in the study area. Results show that the diagnostic results are consistent in overall with the real situation of the study area. Therefore, the EBHD model is advantageous in terms of objectivity and accuracy, making a breakthrough in diagnosis and evaluation for habitat degradation in enclosed bay systems.     

Diagnostic model construction and example analysis of habitat degradation in enclosed bay: II. spatiotemporal variations in habitat degradation in Sansha Bay

The process of habitat degradation varies in habitat type and driving force which shows certain spatial and temporal heterogeneity on regional scales. In the present study, a new diagnostic model for enclosed bay habitat degradation was established, with which the spatial and temporal variation patterns of habitat degradation during 1991–2012 in Sansha Bay, Fujian, China was investigated. The results show that anthropogenic disturbance is the major controlling factor for the habitat degradation in large temporal heterogeneity in the bay. On the other hand, the habitat degradation experienced signifi cant spatial variations among six sub-bays. Under the joint action of temporal and spatial heterogeneity, the degradation trend in growing scale shows a more signifi cant correlation with the distribution of local leading industries along shorelines. Therefore, we quantifi ed the main characters of habitat degradation in Sansha Bay, and have understood the relationship between the status of habitats spatio-temporal variation value and the main controlling factor leading to the changes. However, a defi ciency of this research is the lack of or inaccessible to the detailed data, which shall be better solved in the future study for accessing more data from more sources.