青藏高原东缘地壳、上地幔电性结构探测及其构造意义

利用大地电磁测深(简称MT)方法对青藏高原东缘地区进行了地壳、上地幔电性结构探测研究,得到了该区具有特殊的电性结构特征,探测结果清晰揭示出:(i)鲜水河断裂带是一条规模巨大的岩石圈断裂,它是川滇菱形块体的重要边界断裂;(ii)测区为强震多发区,断裂两侧块体介质的差异是强震活动带重要的深部背景;(iii)川滇菱形块体北部地区十几公里下,发现存在大规模低阻体,电阻率仅为几～几十欧姆·米,该层约以45°角向北东下延,与青藏高原侧向挤出,物质向东流变,受刚性块体阻挡有关。从深部介质电性特征,推断现今川滇菱形块体北部处在热状态,是近代很活动的块体之一;(iV)测区内岩石圈厚度由西段(川滇北部块体)逐渐向东(扬子块体)增厚。     

川西藏东地区的地壳P波速度结构

位于川西藏东地区的巴塘(竹巴龙)至四川资中深地震测深剖面,跨越松潘甘孜褶皱系,龙门山构造带和扬子准地台。本文根据沿测线爆破的记录截面图中各震相走时资料,结合相关的振幅信息,确定剖面二维P波地壳速度结构模型,分析川西高原和四川盆地的地壳上地幔结构的主要差异,并讨论测线上主要断裂带的深部特征,扬子地台与青藏高原的深部构造关系以及强烈地震发生的深部构造环境。     

近500年中国及邻区强震空间格局及迁移模式初步分析

介绍了中国及邻区地震目录数据库的开发状况，从历史强震、近代强震及强震震源深度等几个方面，结合我国及邻区板块构造以及应力状态、壳幔结构的东西部差异对我国强震的空间格局进行了较为系统的分析．公元1900年以前我国华北地区的强震呈现出大梯形格局，而公元1900年之后我国强震则以西部的巨大扇形为主要特征，其中震源深度最深的区域分别位于大扇形的2个顶点处，即兴都库什-帕米尔以及缅印交界地区．就我国强震所特有的空间分布格局对我国强震的线性以及区域性迁移模式进行了总结和分析，其中线性迁移模式又可细分为前进跳跃式和钟摆式．对文中涉及的强震迁移机制分别利用断层破裂、弹簧-滑块、壳幔的结构性差异以及它们之间的相对运动等模型进行了初步的解释．     

Study of crustal structure with S—wave data from Maqen—Jingbian profile

2-D crustal velocity structure and vp/vs are obtained by processing and interpretation of S-wave data from Maqen-Jingbian deep seismic sounding(DSS)profile.The result shows that there exist obvious differences in 2-D S-wave velocity structure and vp/vs ratio structure along the profile.The S-wave velocities are low and vp/vs ration is high for the westem section of the profile and Haiyuan region,while they are normal for the middle and eastern sections.The changes in lithologic characters of two major anomalous zones are discussed according to lateral variation of S-wave velocity structure and vp/vs ratio structure.It is concluded that the development and occurrence of the Haiyuan strong earthquake is not only related to tectonic activities,but also to lithologic characters of the region.     

Lithospheric structure and continental geodynamics

This paper briefly reviews main progress in the research on lithospheric structure and continental geodynamics made by Chinese geophysicists during last 4 years since 22nd IUGG general assembly in July 1999. The research mainly covers the following fields: investigations on regional lithospheric structure, DSS survey of crust and upper mantle velocity structure, study on present-day inner movement and deformation of Chinese mainland by analyz-ing GPS observations, geodynamics of Qingzang plateau, geophysical survey of the Dabie-Sulu ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt and probing into its formation mechanism, geophysical observations in sedimentary basins and study on their evolution process, and plate dynamics, etc.     

Crustal structure beneath the Songpan—Garze orogenic belt

The Benzilan-Tangke deepseismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in the record sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper.The velocity structure has quite strong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5layers,where the first,second and third layer belong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocity basement in the area to the north of Ma‘erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4parts:in the south of Garze-litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xianshuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault and Longriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division.The crustal thickness decreases from southwest to northeast along the profile,that is ,from62km in the region of the Jinshajiang River to 52km in the region of the Yellow River.The Moho discontinuity does not obviously change across the Xianshuihe fault basesd on the PmP phase analysis.The crustal average velocity along the profile is lower,about 6.30 km/s.The Benzilan-Tangke profile reveals that the crust in the study area is orogenic.The Xianshuihe fault belt is located in the central part of the profile,and the velocity is positive anomaly on the upper crust,and negative anomaly on the lower crust and upper mantle.It is considered as a deep tectonhic setting in favor of strong earthquake‘s accumulation and occurrence.     

Exploration and Study on Deep Crust Structural Characteristics in the Jiashi-Artux Seismic Region

The data from two deep seismic sounding profiles was processed and studied comprehensively. The results show that crnst-mantle structures in the investigated region obviously display layered characteristics and velocity structures and tectonic features have larger distinction in different geological structure blocks. The boundary interface C between the upper and lower crust and Moho fluctuate greatly. The shallowest depths of C (30.0km) and Moho (45.5km) under Jiashi deepen sharply from Jiashi to the western Kunlun mountain areas, where the depths of C and Moho are 44.0km and 70.0km, respectively. The higher velocity structures in the Tarim massif determine its relatively “stable“ characteristics in crust tectonics. The phenomenon in the Jiashi region, where the distribution of earthquake foci mostly range from 20kin to 40kin in depth, may infer that the local uplift of C and Moho interface, anomalonsly lower velocity bodies and deep large faults control earthquake occurrence and seismogenic processes in the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.     

潘一矿8煤层煤体结构特征及煤与瓦斯突出区域性预测

长期以来，煤与瓦斯突出一直是困扰煤矿安全生产的一大问题。安徽煤田地质局勘查研究院开展的《两淮煤田煤层气储层特征研究》、《煤体结构判识技术在煤矿煤与瓦斯突出预测工作中的应用研究》等课题，在利用钻孔测井曲线判识煤体结构方面取得了突破性进展，并成功地将此技术应用于煤矿安全生产，预测矿井未开拓区域内主要煤层的煤体结构分布，进而为煤与瓦斯突出区域性预测提供了新的手段。