中国乡村聚落用地形态的地域分异特征研究

乡村聚落用地形态是农村人居空间组织形式的综合外在体现,是揭示乡村地域特色的重要指标。以全国乡村聚落的土地利用数据为基础,运用热点探测、近圆形指数、邻接指数等地理空间分析方法,从用地规模、用地形状、用地结构三个方面对全国乡村聚落用地形态特征进行识别。结果表明,中国乡村聚落用地规模中位数为9.52 hm2,整体呈“北大南小”的特征,并在局部地区呈现明显的高、低值集聚态势;在用地形状方面,乡村聚落用地近圆形指数中位数为0.537,总体上偏长形,各种形状类型在全国均有分布,且呈现出在局部区域显著集聚的现象;用地结构可分为七大类,又以田中型、林边型、滨水型和草边型最多。根据用地形态特征的地域分异格局划分出16个乡村聚落用地形态类型分区,绘制了乡村聚落用地形态类型图谱,并总结出各类型区的用地形态特征。最后探讨了中国乡村聚落用地形态特征的空间分异机制,包括：(1)地形地貌、水文条件、气候条件等自然地理环境决定了聚落用地形态地域分异的宏观格局;(2)农业、水利、交通运输等生产生活方式的地域差异对聚落用地形态特色的形成具有重要影响;(3)街巷、民居等物质空间形态与聚落整体的用地形态存在显著的相互作用;(...     

虚拟企业的组织结构设计

作为2l世纪主流企业组织形态的虚拟企业，如何组织设计虚拟企业，无论在理论研究还是在实际应用中都是一个非常重要的问题。从实际出发，介绍了虚拟企业的组织机制，完成了虚拟企业组织结构的详细设计。力求能够为虚拟企业组织的建立探索一种可行的思路。     

12月龄多鳞鱚形态性状对体质量的影响

【目的】研究12月龄多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama Forssk?l)形态性状与体质量之间的关系,筛选适用于选育的主要形态性状。【方法】测定12个形态性状与体质量的表型参数,通过通径分析、相关分析和多元回归分析估计主要性状对体质量的直接影响和间接影响。【结果】12月龄多鳞鱚13个性状之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。通径分析表明,体高(X1)、体厚(X2)、眼径(X7)、体长(X10)和背鳍前长(X11)对体质量(Y)有明显的直接影响;除体长外,其他生长性状对体质量的直接影响均小于它们对体质量的间接影响,同时,体长对体质量的直接影响最大。相关分析表明,上述5个主要性状是体质量变化的主要影响因素。体长对体质量的单独决定系数最大(0.331),5个主要性状对体质量的总决定系数为0.928。建立的以主要性状为自变量、体质量为因变量的回归方程为Y=-13.339+2.913X1+3.352X2-4.467X7+1.473X10+0.763X11。【结论】体长、体厚、眼径、体高和背鳍前长等5个主要性状是影响多鳞鱚体质量的核心性状,其中体长影响最大。     

面向多分辨率DEM的河网相似性测度与分析

河网是地形结构的核心要素,能够有效地反映DEM对地表形态的刻画能力.实现不同分辨率条件下DEM河网相似性测度对DEM地形综合、DEM质量评估及DEM不确定性分析等研究具有重要意义.基于此,本文以黄土高原典型样区为研究区,基于5 m高精度DEM建立的多分辨率DEM数据集,构建了地形特征自适应的DEM河网自动提取方法,建立...     

Zonal distribution of the erosion-landslide and soil micromorphological features in purple hilly region

In the purple hilly region, erosions and landslides are all serious, and it is of great scientific value and practical significance to study their formation mechanism and distribution features there.In this paper, soil micromorphological methods and techniques were used to study the erosion zonal distribution in the region. The results indicated: (1)According to erosion process, the spacial distribution zones of the erosions and landslides in the purple hilly region with different solums were divided into scouring erosion zone, transport-diffusion zone, rocks and soil turbulence zone and sediment-bury zone; (2) The soil micromorphologic taxonomic feature identifying different erosion-landslide zone were found by studying the soil micromorphology of erosive zone in purple hilly region; (3) As for the erosion-landslide formation in the region, besides the external factors, the internal factors were found more important and favorable for landslide formation through the studies on the micormorphologieal features of slide soil.     

Promoting Mieropedology

The Journal of Mountain Science is a multi-disciplinary scientific journal that covers research in earth science, geography, environmental sciences and life sciences. This special issue recognizes the importance of micropedology, a field that is often overlooked. The 14 papers published here were selected from the 135 presented at the 13^h International Conference on Soil Micromorphology （ICSM） that took place on September 11-16, 2008, in Chengdu, China. These articles review the history and development of soil micromorphology, and highlight the current status of the field right up to the latest cutting edge research, thus providing readers excellent access to the entire micropedologv literature.     

Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Plant Functional Traits in Freshwater Wetland of Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

To clarify the responses of plant functional traits to nitrogen（N） enrichment, we investigated the whole-plant traits（plant height and aboveground biomass）, leaf morphological（specific leaf area（SLA） and leaf dry mass content（LDMC）） and chemical traits（leaf N concentration（LNC） and leaf phosphorus（P） concentration（LPC）） of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Glyceria spiculosa following seven consecutive years of N addition at four rates（0 g N/（m^2·yr）, 6 g N/（m^2·yr）, 12 g N/（m^2·yr） and 24 g N/（m^2·yr）） in a freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results showed that, for both D. angustifolia and G. spiculosa, N addition generally increased plant height, leaf, stem and total aboveground biomass, but did not cause changes in SLA and LDMC. Moreover, increased N availability caused an increase in LNC, and did not affect LPC. Thus, N addition decreased leaf C∶N ratio, but caused an increase in leaf N∶P ratio, and did not affect leaf C∶P ratio. Our results suggest that, in the mid-term, elevated N loading does not alter leaf morphological traits, but causes substantial changes in whole-plant traits and leaf chemical traits in temperate freshwater wetlands. These may help to better understand the effects of N enrichment on plant functional traits and thus ecosystem structure and functioning in freshwater wetlands.     

洛坝铅锌矿床的构造演化分析

洛坝铅锌矿床位于黄诸关韧脆性变形带所波及的范围内,断裂、褶皱、劈理、节理等形态构造类型均很发育,经对小型构造的统计及应力场分析证明,矿区变形主要是在海西—印支期长期存在的南北向古应力场持续作用下形成的。     

三江源:中华民族的生命之源

地球上最早的生命形态诞生在水中。水是中华民族文明之源。中国有三条大江河从青藏高原的腹地出发,带着生命和活力,百万年来不倦地向东、向南波飞浪卷、穿峡越谷一泻万里,滋润和养育着中华大地的风华万物,催生出灿烂的中华文明,这就是长江、黄河、澜沧江。我们习惯地把发源这三条江的地区叫"三江源"。水的世界,生物的乐园在最近赴青藏高原的采访活动中, 国家级三江源自然保护区管理局局长李若凡先生,热情接待了笔者的采访。开