高产水稻理想株型的灰色关联度分析

应用灰色关联分析方法 ,分析了 6个水稻品种 2 1个株型性状对单株产量的影响。结果表明 :单株产量与 2 1个株型性状的关联序依次为 :剑叶厚 >倒二叶厚 >剑叶宽 >倒二叶宽 >倒二叶鞘长 >剑叶鞘长 >倒二叶弦长 >倒三叶宽 >倒三叶厚 >倒三叶鞘长 >剑叶长 >倒二叶长 >倒三叶长 >剑叶弦长 >倒三叶弦长 >倒三叶基夹角 >倒三叶叶开角 >剑叶叶开角 >剑叶基夹角 >倒二叶基夹角 >倒二叶叶开角。     

江汉平原富硒冷浸田的利用模式

江汉平原是中国四大粮仓之一,拥有约69万公顷富硒土壤,大部分为冷浸田,如何利用富硒冷浸田种植富硒水稻是当前亟需研究解决的重大实际问题.以排水整改、强化施硒肥和排水整改后施硒肥3种模式开展了江汉平原富硒冷浸田的大田种植实验.结果表明,在排水整改模式下,排水降低了冷浸田地下水位,提升了土壤的通气性和氧化还原电位,加快了土壤中有机结合态硒向可利用态硒转化,使得土壤可利用态硒比整改前提高25.0%;促进了水稻对硒的吸收,使得水稻根系和籽实中硒含量比整改前分别增加20.6%和8.3%,仅茎干中硒含量无明显变化.在强化施硒肥模式下,每亩施加80 kg硒肥后土壤可利用态硒比施肥前提高41.7%;极大地促进了水稻对硒的吸收,使得水稻根系、茎秆、籽实中硒含量比施肥前分别提升79.4%、37.1%、25.0%.在冷浸田排水整改后每亩施加80 kg硒肥模式下,土壤可利用态硒含量和水稻根系、茎干、籽实中硒含量分别增加50.0%和41.8%、46.1%、47.9%.总之,上述3种利用模式均可提高土壤可利用态硒含量,有利于水稻对土壤硒的吸收,能够显著提高水稻籽实中硒含量;冷浸田排水整改后强化施硒肥利用模式效果最佳.      

基于多时相多极化差值图的稻田识别研究

提出了一种基于多时相多极化差值图的稻田识别方法,该方法在简化稻田识别算法的同时,仍具有较好的稻田识别精度.以江西省高安地区的早稻识别为例,利用两景ENVISA ASAR交叉极化模式数据(VV/HH)计算了同时相多极化差值图和同极化多时相差值图.由于稻田含有水层和水稻的垂直株型等属性特征,稻田在两时相上VV极化和HH极化后向散射差异都很大,且与其他地物具有明显差别,因此利用同时相多极化差值图可以很好地分辨出稻田来;从时间变化看,HH极化雷达波对水稻生长和稻田的变化比对其他地物的变化更敏感,使稻田分布信息在HH极化多时相差值图中反应突出.而VV极化对地物的时相变化不够敏感.因此,建立最优差值图组合,分别采用阈值分类方法和监督分类方法对差值图组合进行分类提取稻田.通过比较分类结果,认为基于统计分析的监督分类方法更好,其稻田识别的精度达到84.92%.文章最后对提出的稻田识别方法及分类结果进行了分析.     

气候变暖对我国南方水稻可种植区的影响

利用我国南方稻区214站1961—2009年逐日气象资料,研究气候变化对南方水稻可种植区的影响。研究结果显示：气候变暖使南方稻区活动积温（日平均气温≥10℃）明显增加,49年增加了324.4℃?d。同时水稻生长季长度也明显延长,49年延长了17.9 d。双季稻可种植区北界明显北移,三季稻可种植区北界略有北移,20世纪60—80年代,双季稻可种植区仅限于长江以南地区,但21世纪初以来的10年双季稻可种植区北界移到长江以北,即向北推移近300 km,从而使新增双季稻可种植区扩展到四川东北部、贵州东部、重庆、湖北大部、安徽中部以及江苏南部。     

Agrobiodiversity of Muda Rice Agroecosystem:A case Study in Largest Granary Area of Malaysia

A survey was carried out at the largest rice cultivation area in Peninsular Malaysia,the Muda rice agroecosystem.The main objective of this study was to document the overall biodiversity associated with this unique agroecosystem by using a combination of sampling techniques in order to record different groups of fauna and flora.The total number of biota recorded and identified from the rice field ecosystem during the study period consisted of 46 species of zooplankton,81 species of aquatic insects,5 species of rodents,7 species of bats,87 species of birds,11 species of fishes and 58 species of weeds.A long-term study should be carried out as more species are expected to be recorded when more of the Muda rice agroecosystem area has been sampled to obtain sufficient information on the Muda rice agrobiodiversity.     

中亚热带红土与水稻土铁锰结核理化特性与形成环境对比

通过中亚热带第四纪红土和金衢盆地现代水稻土中铁锰结核的理化特征对比发现,水稻土铁锰结核的外部特征、内部结构以及化学组成与第四纪红土中的结核既具有一定的相似性又存在着明显差别.第四纪红土中的结核与水稻土中的结核都是在于湿交替的环境中发育形成的.水稻土中结核的形成是水稻生长期的渍水、还原作用和收获后的控水、弱氧化作用交替进行的结果,形成时间短暂,环境较为稳定;第四纪红土结核的形成是气候环境周期性干湿变化的结果,结核淀积时段气候干热,氧化作用强烈,反映第四纪红土形成环境的不稳定性.     

应用NOAA/AVHRR数据测算局地水稻种植面积方法研究

本文采用在模糊监督分类中增加迭代过程的方法－－模糊监督分类一迭代法,在分解混合像元的基础上,利用ＡＶＨＲＲ数据求算水稻种植面积。根据稻田与旱地存在温度差异的特点,在分析ＡＶＨＲＲ数据统计特征的基础上,增加了第３和４两通道参加模糊监督分类,从而增加了分类橡元值矢量维数,增强了对水稻的鉴别能力。反采用的迭代法是收敛具有效的,经本方法输出的水稻种植面积百分含量图与实际水稻分布十分吻合,测算出的面积值与Ｔ     

基于MODIS数据的水稻种植面积提取研究进展

概述了水稻种植面积监测遥感数据源的应用变化、特征指数和时相选取以及遥感分类方法的发展,分析了MODIS影像在水稻种植面积遥感提取技术方面的研究进展及发展方向。结果表明：MODIS具有高光谱、高时间分辨率、多时相等特点,在大尺度上提取水稻种植面积上,可提高作物识别和监测的精确度与工作效率,节约成本,有着其他遥感数据无法相比的优势,应用MODIS数据提取水稻种植面积,取得了较好的效果。水稻遥感的最佳时相可以选择移栽期和孕穗期,利用对水体和植被较为敏感的波段或植被指数（如NDVI、LSWI和EVI）进行水稻识别,并提取种植面积。传统的遥感图像分类方法如监督分类和非监督分类,算法成熟、操作简单,是目前应用较多的方法;近年来发展起来的分类新方法,如决策树分类法、专家系统分类法、神经网络分类法,支持向量机法等,能够更准确地提取目标地物,对图像分类有不同程度的改进,在实际应用中通常和传统分类方法结合起来使用;多时相分析法与高时间、高分辨率多光谱影像的结合可以获取较高精度的作物种植面积数据,与传统分类方法相比有较大提高。利用MODIS对单一的或大面积的水稻种植面积提取效果较好,但对于地块破碎的种植面积估算尚难达到满意的结果,添加其他的辅佐数据如高程、坡度等,并结合MODIS数据的多时相特点分类等方法,可提高遥感影像分类的精度。     

中国南方调整水稻种植格局——一种水稻生产预先适应气候变化的选择(英文)

Rice planted in southern China accounts for 94% of the total in sown acreage and 88% of the total in production, which matters a lot to Chinese food security. However, due to the prolonged conflict between water availability and rice growth in spatial/temporal distribu-tion, rice production suffers from seasonal drought at acreage of 16%-22%, which compro-mises food production capacity and food security. Focusing on the spatial distribution of seasonal drought with rice and the practices to adapt to it, and based on an analysis of bal-anced water supply for and demand by rice at a growing season scale during 1981-2030, this paper assesses the changing seasonal drought in the process of rice production under the changing climate in the future, and identifies general rice re-cultivation options for climate change adaptation. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) Rice suggests a decline in seasonal drought, with early season rice (early rice hereafter) by 12,500 km2, middle season rice (middle rice) by 80,000 km2, and in particular late season rice (late rice) by 25,000 km2, which accounts for almost 20% of its cultivated acreage. It is indicated that due to climate change, seasonal drought in major rice producing areas tends to alleviate in general, late season rice in particular. (2) Future climate change brings about a significant impact on the spatial/temporal distribution of water resources in rice producing areas in China. Based on ’pre-designed’ adaptation actions for rice-re-cultivation, the rice cultivation pattern undergoes a significant alteration between 1981-2000 and 2001-2030. In eastern Guizhou and western Hunan, the pattern of single early plus single dry farming is changed into double cropping. In eastern Hunan, the pattern of dry cropping is changed into single early plus single dry farming. In northern Anhui, the pattern of dry farming cropping is changed into middle rice. All this is aimed at a potential adequate availability of water for rice production in the future. (3) Rice re-cultivation patterns developed in this paper help re-balance water demand and supply for rice growth using the spatial analysis tool to adapt rice growth to the changing water avail-ability from spatial perspective, and come up with rice producer-friendly re-cultivation options in response to climate change.