Distribution of uranium and thorium in Irtysh River and the upriver wastewater from a rare metal mine impact on it

Uranium and Th are important radioactive elements. Most studies were focused on their environmental impact from uranium deposits and mining sites. But other sorts of mines such as rare metals mines are associated highly with uranium and thorium, too. In China, the Irtysh River is the only river that runs into the Arctic Ocean. The famous Koktokay rare metal pegmatite deposit is located in the headwater region of this river and has been exploited for several decades. The waste ore piled along the riverside as long as several kilometers. The wastewater flom the concentrating plant is discharged into the river directly. In addition, uranium and thorium can be leached from the waste ore into the river in the weathering process. So it is necessary to study the uranium and thorium distribution in the branch and trunk streams of the Irtysh River and the wastewater from the mining site impact on it. In this study, the contents of uranium and thorium in water samples from the Irtysh River and rare metal mine wastewater have been detected directly with ICP-MS. Uranium and thorium distribution and geochemical behaviors in the Irtysh River basin have been studied. The environmental uranium and thorium pollution status in the Irtysh River and wastewater from a rare metal mine impact on it have also been evaluated. The study shows that uranium and thorium contents in wastewater from a rare metal mine are as high as 78.311 μg/L and 0.627 μg/L, respectively, so we should also pay attention to the radioactive pollution from the rare metal mine. The average contents of U and Th in the branch streams of the Irtysh River are 0.572 μg/L and 0.015 μg/L, respectively. At the mean time, in the trunk of the Irtysh River, average thorium content is 0.019 μg/L while U is up to 2.234 μg/L, much higher than the average content （0.0309 μg/L） of the world rivers. From upstream to downstream in the trunk of the Irtysh River, thorium content declines gradually due to dilution by other branches and deposition itself.     

A geochemical study of redox behavior of As in a contaminated aquifer from Sonargaon, Central Bangladesh

The Bengal Basin has been exposed to the most serious As problem in the world. Although it has been agreed well among many researchers that the contamination has been induced by natural geochemical process, detailed mechanisms are still under debate. Arsenic is easily soluble into groundwater as pentavalent arsenate and trivalent arsenite. Their adsorption behavior for various solid phases, particularly for Fe oxyhydroxide （FeOOH）, is different. Thus speciation of As in solid phase is essential to examine the process of contamination. However, few studies have been done about As speciation in sediment due to its analytical difficulty. In this study, we applied XANES （X-ray adsorption near the edge structure） spectroscopy to determine oxidation states of As and Fe, and investigate As behavior along change in redox condition. We studied the Sonargaon area located 25 km southeast of Dhaka. Sediment core samples were collected from one site in the area up to the depth of 100 m using penetration-drilling method. The samples were packed into oxygen impermeable film with deoxidizer on site,     

Characteristics of trace elements in contaminated rivers and their environmental significance

Several rivers researched around Taihu Lake in Chinese eastern plain are distributed to the west of the lake. Pollutants of different types from tributaries and inlets flow directly into the main rivers and finally into the lake. They change trace elements of rivers fi＇om which we can analyze. Researches about trace elements are helpful for understanding the pollutant characteristics, industrial structure and agricultural cultivation in the area of network rivers in the plain of China. Samples of water column, suspended matter and sediment were collected fi＇om the west rivers of Taihu Lake, which represent three typical rivers. Observation in the field and the primary composition analysis showed the Caoqiao River was mainly contaminated by industrial wastewater, the Liangxi River was discharged by domestic sewage and the Dapu River was principally input by farmland runoff. REE concentrations and their normalized curves showed obvious characters for rivers discharged by different sewages. The contents of total REE in water column followed the order of the Caoqiao River, the Dapu River and the Liangxi River fi＇om high to low. TREEs in suspended matter and sediments follow the order of the Dapu River 〉 the Caoqiao River 〉 the Liangxi River. REE normalized curves （for Australia shale） suggested that significant diversities were presented in water column, suspended matter and sediments, i.e., heavy REE enrichment in water, middle REE enrichment in suspended matter, and smooth curves for sediments. But the heavy pollution resulted in several anomalous curves in the same rivers. Some element ratios were selected as indices for polluted rivers based on their geochemical properties and diversities between rivers. The results displayed the discriminative indices for water column, suspended matter and sediment. The effective indices were Pb/Fe, Cr/Fe, Ni/Fe, Pb/Ni, Zn/Ni for water column, Cu/Al, Cu/Fe, Zn/Fe, K/Ca, K/Na, Pb/Co, Zn/Co for suspend matter and Pb/Fe, K/Ca, Ca/Mg, Zn/Ni for sediment, respectively. In general, rivers mainly discharged by industrial sewage have high ratios of Pb/Ni, K/Ca, are enriched in the middle REE and have positive Gd anomaly. The domestic sewage flowing into rivers reveals high ratios of Zn/Ni, Pb/Fe, and is enriched in the heavy REE, and has the positive Eu anomaly. If runoff of farmland enters into the rivers, it will have high ratios of Ca/Mg, K/Na, high lanthanum, and show the smooth normalized curves of REE.     

Heavy metal concentrations in water and surface sediments of Maharlou Lake, SE of Shiraz, Iran

The main objective of this study is to evaluate trace metal distribution and identify their sources in the Maharlou Lake. Trace metals （Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb） and major elements （A1, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P） were investigated in water and surface sediments. There was a negative relationship between the depth of water and heavy metal concentration. Metal concentrations in water and sediment samples show a high variability and decrease in this order： Al〉Fe〉Ni〉Co〉Pb〉Zn〉Cu〉Mn〉Cd. In the northern parts of the lake, especially at the inflow of drains and the Khoshk River of Shiraz City, metal concentrations are higher in both water and sediment samples. In order to assess the heavy metal enrichment in sediment samples, trace metal concentrations were normalized for Al. Except for Mn, all metals are enriched relative to average crust and average sedimentary rocks. Also, the results showed that stations located at the northern coast of the lake, have higher enrichment factors （EF） than the other stations. The results of this study showed that the Khoshk River and other drains are the main pollutant sources of the Maharluo Lake.     

苏鲁豫皖接壤地区的环境特征及水环境问题

苏鲁豫皖四省接壤地区环境受人为干扰和黄泛影响严重,环境问题和自然灾害较多,尤其是围绕水环境的旱涝和水体污染问题更为突出,针对四省接壤的特定区位和水环境状况,要通过加强跨地区水资源管理,落实有关法规和实行综合治理等对策进行整治。     

Extraction of organochlorine pesticides in sediments using soxhlet,ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques

The application of soxhlet, ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques to the analysis of six organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, o, p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE) in Taihu Lake sediment samples is described. It was found that the limits of quantification ranged from 0.002μgg-1 to 0.004μgg-1, and the recoveries of organochlorine pesticides with the three extraction techniques were acceptable (>80.7%). With a mass selective detector, better results were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction using hexane-acetone (1:1) as compared with soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. It was shown that the accelerated solvent extraction was the optimum technique for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in sediments. The general features of the three extraction techniques are also presented.     

长江中游平原洪湖湿地水体污染现状及治理对策

通过收集洪湖湿地水质数据和水质样品,评估了长江中游湖泊湿地保护现状。结果表明:1990-2003年洪湖湿地水质以Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类水为主,2004年湖北省加强洪湖湿地保护,2006-2011年洪湖水质总体改善,主要污染物为总氮、总磷和化学需氧量。2012-2017年,水质从Ⅲ类水恶化为Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水。2017年夏季洪湖湿地水质总超标参数为氨氮、化学需氧量和总磷,秋季水质超标参数为总磷。洪湖拆除围网改善了洪湖湿地水质,提出了洪湖湿地水污染治理对策。     

伊通河农安段水体污染调查及评价

对伊通河农安段的受污水体进行了污染源调查和评价,确定了该河段的主要污染源和主要污染物;并利用模糊数学的方法综合评判了该段水体的水质;最后针对水体治理目标,结合评价结果,提出了防治对策.     

Energy flow in Branchiura sowerbyi （Oligochaeta： tubificidae） in a shallow macrophyte-dominated lake, Biandantang Lake

The energy flow of Branchiura sowerbyi was studied for the first time in China in a shallow macrophytic lake, Biandantang Lake, Hubei Province. The energy flow was calculated from the measurement of flesh production (12.5241kJ/m^2a), egestion (517.7302kJ/m^2a), metabolism (38.3273 kJ/m^2a), and excretion (4.3798kJ/m^2a). The net growth efficiency of the species is about 22.7%, which accords well with the generally reported value for oligochaetes. In addition, the relationship between starvation respiration (R, mgO2/ind‘d), wet weight (Ww, mg) and temperature (T, ℃) were also measured, with the regression function being R=0.008 Ww^0.736 e^0.050T.     

Chemical composition and its origin in spring rainwater over Taihu Lake

1 INTRODUCTION Rainfall chemical composition is mainly re- sulted from inner-cloud nucleation and under-cloud washing. The aerosol in cloud features regional scales. The concentration and chemical composition of under-cloud aerosol reflect in overall the …