GIS在大比例尺的城市非点状源污染模型中的应用研究

人们对于与城市雨水有关的非点状源污染的关注，促使更好地规划水质的新工具得到了发展。本文介绍ＧＩＳ在城市水质研究中的应用。这种ＧＩＳ用于管理非点状源污染模型的土地利用数据，还可用于总计各种地理单元之中污染物的负荷量，在土地利用的基础上用水质经验模型来估算污染负荷量。通过判读最新的航空像片更新旧图从而编出土地利用图。这种土地利用图同样也可用来记录每个土地利用多边形的所有污染负荷量。通过对雨水沟图的数字     

大冶湖水体污染与其环境背景遥感研究

环境污染与环境背景有着紧密的联系,本研究是尝试利用遥感技术研究大冶湖的水体污染现状与环境背景,并分析两者的相关关系,时而提出了大冶湖水体污染综合防治对策。     

辽沈大地

大连普湾新区海域整治初见成效大连普湾新区针对海域水体污染严重、交换能力差、退潮露底等生态问题和陆域海拔不够、难以形成建设用地两大难题,积极开展海域整治,在规划岸线上修筑临时围堰,将深入海内的养殖用人工围堰及海域内较浅部位的淤泥挖除,弃土统一排放至海漫滩部位,加深海域水体深度的同时,增加陆域海拔高程。目前,清淤6平方公里,改造海漫滩约15平方公里,既实现"退坝还海,一湾碧水"的清淤目标,也解决     

有机磷农药类雌/抗雄激素效应研究进展

<正>有机磷农药是世界范围内使用最广、用量最大的高效广谱杀虫剂之一[1],产量占我国农药总产量的40%以上[2]。农药的使用量中只有不到1%能对靶生物起作用,大部分漂浮在空气或残留在土壤中,并通过降雨、沉降和径流进入河流湖泊造成水体污染。2010年我国珠江河口流域水体中有机磷农药检测浓度范围为18.76~344.94 ng/L,其中甲拌磷已接近人类可接受范围的临界点[3]。此外,邕江、桑沟湾海域、厦门近海     

Grain-size related nitrogen distribution in southern Yellow Sea surface sediments

Forty-eight surface sediments of the southern Yellow Sea are separated into three grain-size fractions. Four forms of extractable nitrogen (nitrogen in ion-exchangeable form (Nie), nitrogen in weak-acid extractable form (Nwa), nitrogen in strong-alkali extractable form (Nsa) and nitrogen in strong-oxidant form (N50))are obtained by the sequential extraction. The results show that the contents and the distributions of the extractable nitrogen in the southern Yellow Sea surface sediments are closely related to sediment grain size. The distributions ofNie, Nso and total nitrogen (TN) present positive correlations with fine particles content, while Nwa and Nsa does not have such correlation. The net contents of all the forms of nitrogen increase with sediment grain size finer.     

昆承湖水质状况遥感监测与空间特征分析

针对镇域水资源常规的监测方法不能满足对水质适时、大尺度的监测评价要求等问题,该文以江苏常熟辛庄镇昆承湖为例,分析叶绿素a(Chl-a)和悬浮物(SS)浓度值与水体归一化反射光谱、一阶微分反射光谱特征的关系,运用PEARSON法分析两者之间的相关性,确定Chl-a和SS的敏感波段,利用Chl-a和SS敏感波段归一化光谱反射值和实测浓度数据建立了水质参数反演模型。采用同时相ETM遥感数据对水质参数(叶绿素a和悬浮物)浓度进行遥感定量反演,并根据反演结果分析镇域水体污染空间分布特征。结果表明,对水质参数几个最大正(负)相关的光谱值进行波段组合处理可以提高反演精度,并且模型反演值和实测浓度值之间误差较低。通过对叶绿素、悬浮物等水质参数反演实现了对昆承湖水体污染状况的快速、准确和动态的信息获取和评价,有效地实时监测镇域水体在空间和时间上的变化状况和特性。     

Preliminary study on PAH degradation by bacteria from contaminated sediments in Xiamen Western Sea,Fujian, China

In order to estimate the biodegradation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds, bacterial strains were isolated from marine sediments in three heavily contaminated sites (Yuandang Lake, Dongdu Port and Aquacultural zones in Maluan Bay) in Xiamen Western Sea. The results show three bacterial strains, which used pyrene as the sole carbon source, were identified as strains of Aureobacterium sp.,Arthrobacter sp., Rhodococcus sp. The PAH-degrading bacteria isolated had a strong ability to degrade phenanhrene, fluoranthene and pyrene at different degradation rates. The highest degradation rate was observed when three PAH compounds were mixed with an individual strain in the medium. The three PAHs were degraded after one week with a degradation rate of 89.94 % for phenanthrene and 93.4 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene.In addition, after 25 days of incubation, the degradation rate was 99.98 % for phenanthrene and 99.97 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene. Optical density was measured to estimate bacterial growth during the degradation of PAHs. Highest levels of bacterial growth were observed with a three PAH mixture in the culture, suggesting that the concentration of PAHs influenced bacterial growth and the highest levels of degradation for most series were detected after one week of incubation.     

滇池水体污染和治理的特点

滇池是一个发育至老年末期的高原湖泊。滇池流域是缺水地区,水资源的供需平衡靠径流、污水和农田回归水的循环利用得以实现,重复用水率25％。随着人口的增长和工农业的发展,滇池水资源污染日益加重,水体严重富营养化。滇池是整个流域污染物唯一的汇,这也是其难以治理的原因。近年来,从中央到地方用于滇池污染治理的总投资已逾40亿元,而治理措施收效甚微,因此,对滇池这样有特殊污染机理的湖泊治理应从更宽泛的角度出发去考虑,甚至采取非常措施。     

官厅水库水体营养状况分析

2001-2002年的调研结果显示,官厅水库为富营养型湖泊.初级生产力为浮游藻类与大型水生高等植物混合型.浮游藻类细胞密度为1126.54×104cells/L,其中蓝藻占53.4%,绿藻占32.1%.优势种为水华微囊藻(Microcystisflos-aquae)和铜绿微囊藻(M.aeruginosa).7-10月库区水体出现大面积的微囊藻水华.TN、TP分别为1.182mg/L和0.045mg/L,水体已达富营养.官厅水库TN和TP的质量浓度比大于7,Chla与TP存在显著的正相关.磷是水体中初级生产力增长的限制性营养盐.官厅水库的污染物主要来自点源,其次是面源和内源.应以点源为主进行综合防治,恢复其饮用水源地功能,以缓解北京市淡水资源的紧缺状态.     

太湖地区河网水体石油类浓度预测

利用完全混合系统水文动力学模型,对太湖地区河道改造后,由于船型及船流量发生变化而导致的水体石油类浓度的变化进行了预测。通过类比分析得出：预测结果基本符合实际。