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光纤探针法是一种适合观测波浪破碎瞬间卷入微气泡羽流的方法,现有的观测探针探头多采用塑料、玻璃等材质,存在脆性大、损耗大、不耐低温、易腐蚀等缺点,拟设计一种蓝宝石光纤探针克服其局限性,提升探测性能.文章在介绍光纤探针传感器测量原理的基础上,采用光学仿真软件Zemax建立了光纤探针传感器探头的仿真模型,并利用模型对其每针的材质、形状、角度等结构设计关键因素进行了优化设计,由仿真结果确定了每针形状为圆锥形、传输材质为蓝宝石.该仿真结果将为后续光纤探针传感器系统的整体设计及光路优化奠定基础. 相似文献
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The amount of methane leaked from deep sea cold seeps is enormous and potentially affects the global warming,ocean acidification and global carbon cycle. It is of great significance to study the methane bubble movement and dissolution process in the water column and its output to the atmosphere. Methane bubbles produce strong acoustic impedance in water bodies, and bubble strings released from deep sea cold seeps are called "gas flares"which expressed as flame-like strong backscatter in the water column. We characterized the morphology and movement of methane bubbles released into the water using multibeam water column data at two cold seeps. The result shows that methane at site I reached 920 m water depth without passing through the top of the gas hydrate stability zone(GHSZ, 850 m), while methane bubbles at site II passed through the top of the GHSZ(597 m) and entered the non-GHSZ(above 550 m). By applying two methods on the multibeam data, the bubble rising velocity in the water column at sites I and II were estimated to be 9.6 cm/s and 24 cm/s, respectively. Bubble velocity is positively associated with water depth which is inferred to be resulted from decrease of bubble size during methane ascending in the water. Combined with numerical simulation, we concluded that formation of gas hydrate shells plays an important role in helping methane bubbles entering the upper water bodies, while other factors, including water depth, bubble velocity, initial kinetic energy and bubble size, also influence the bubble residence time in the water and the possibility of methane entering the atmosphere. We estimate that methane gas flux at these two sites is 0.4×10~6–87.6×10~6 mol/a which is extremely small compared to the total amount of methane in the ocean body, however, methane leakage might exert significant impact on the ocean acidification considering the widespread distributed cold seeps. In addition, although methane entering the atmosphere is not observed, further research is still needed to understand its potential impact on increasing methane concentration in the surface seawater and gas-water interface methane exchange rate, which consequently increase the greenhouse effect. 相似文献
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近断层区域脉冲型地震动对于大跨度工程结构地震响应具有重要影响,然而大震近场记录的匮乏使得探究脉冲型地震动的特征较为困难.本文借助基于运动学震源模型的地震动合成方法,合成不同震源机制参数情况下的近场地震动场.采取基于能量的速度脉冲识别方法,提取合成地震动场中的速度脉冲并计算脉冲周期和幅值,分析震源机制参数对速度脉冲空间分布及脉冲特征参数的影响规律.研究表明:断层走向变化主要影响脉冲型地震动的方位;倾角和滑动角主要影响脉冲型地震动的数量和分布方位;脉冲型地震动更易出现在与断层走向斜交的方向上,在垂直断层走向方向上脉冲型地震动分布相对较少;走向对脉冲特征参数影响很大;相对于脉冲周期,断层倾角对脉冲幅值影响更显著;倾滑断层引起的垂直分量脉冲周期明显大于其他震源机制情况. 相似文献
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Study on inelastic displacement ratio spectra for near-fault pulse-type ground motions 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
In displacement-based seismic design, inelastic displacement ratio spectra (IDRS) are particularly useful for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand of a nonlinear SDOF system from the maximum elastic displacement demand of its counterpart linear elastic SDOF system. In this study, the characteristics of IDRS for near-fault pulse-type ground motions are investigated based on a great number of earthquake ground motions. The in? uence of site conditions, ratio of peak ground velocity (PGV) to peak ground acceleration (PGA), the PGV, and the maximum incremental velocity (MIV) on IDRS are also evaluated. The results indicate that the effect of near-fault ground motions on IDRS are signifi cant only at periods between 0.2 s - 1.5 s, where the amplifi cation can approach 20%. The PGV/PGA ratio has the most signifi cant in? uence on IDRS among the parameters considered. It is also found that site conditions only slightly affect the IDRS. 相似文献
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本文介绍了一种自控标定脉冲发生器的优点,即可以按照预置时间,同时实现多台地震仪的标定脉冲监视,进而取代目前模拟地震记录人工脉冲信号监视工作状态的常规工作。其标定时间统一、输入脉冲信号稳定。 相似文献
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