Study of Triggering Action Between the Mani （Ms7.9） and the West Kunlun Mountains Pass （ Ms 8.1 ） Great Earthquakes and Their Dynamic Background

Based on Coulomb static stress variation, the stress trigging action of the Mani ( Ms7.9, Nov.1997) earthquake on the West Kuulun Mountains Pass (MsS.1, Nov. 2001 ) earthquake is researched. Results of different source mechanism resolutions show that a 10_3 MPa Coulomb stress due to the Mani earthquake was added to the fracture fault of the Kunlun earthquake, and this may shift the broken date to about 10 years earlier, and infer that the stress level in the crust is not low. Comparing the relationship between strong earthquake strength and frequency and earth rotation change, it is shown that the strength‘s decrease and the variation period‘ s shortening of earth rotation are important controlling factors on strong earthquake activity. This great event with Ms = 8.1 took place probably due to a gradual strengthening background of regional stress field within the Qinghai-Xizang block in the period of acceleration of change of day‘s length and stress triggering from the Mani earthquake.     

青藏铁路昆仑山隧道工程地质条件

主要论述了昆仑山隧道这一高原冻土隧道的工程地质条件, 特别就隧道区多年冻土的认识及具体的工作方法、古冰川作用及冰锥的分布及其成因和隧道山体地下水情况分析等做了较为详尽的描述, 为隧道设计、施工提供了科学的地质依据及工程措施意见.     

Gravity variation before Kunlun mountain pass western Ms=8.1 earthquake

The relation between the gravity variation features and Ms=8.1 earthquake in Qinghai-Xizang monitoring area is analyzed preliminarily,by using spatial dynamic variation results of regional gravity field from absolute gravity and relative gravity observation in 1998 and 2000.The results show that:1)Ms\8.1 earthquake in Kulun mountain pass westem occurred in the gravity variation high gradient near gravity‘s high negative variation;2)The Main tectonic deformation and emnergy accumulation before MS=8.1 earthquake are distributed at south side of the epicenter;3)The range of gravity‘s high negative variation at east of the MS=8.1 earthquake epicenter relatively coincides with that rupture region according to field geology investigation;4)Gravity variation distribution in high negative value region is just consistent with the second shear strain‘s high value region of strain field obtained from GPS observation.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前青藏块体边界断层异常活动

系统分析了青藏块体边界断层的形变资料，研究了断层活动的动态过程及空间分布。结果表明，昆仑山口西8．1级地震前孕震影响范围达到青藏块体的周边地区；发震断层所在的构造带震前断层活动最为剧烈；加强对构造块体断层整体活动的宏观动态比较和分析，有助于判定未来强震发生的危险地段；震后应力将转移并集中到西秦岭构造带及其邻近地区。     

东昆仑山区OLR场的气候特征

利用卫星观测的射出长波辐射资料进行东昆仑山的气候分析，揭示出这片无常规气象观测地区的某些气住特征和变化规律，初步了解到东昆仑山内部的东西差异和其外围的南北区别。通过对辐射因子之一的分析，为该区的其它气象要素推算及分析打下了基础。     

昆仑山口西MＳ＝8．1级地震的形变应变场研究

根据昆仑山口西8．1级地震前后GPS测点的位移速率，用弹性模型公式计算了地壳应变参数．应变参量的变化表明，震前在地震区附近以压应变为主，应变速率较大．位移速率矢量显示出震前的震中地区相对周围为活动性较弱的“稳定”地区．地壳的形变和应变揭示出孕震体在挤压状态下积累了较高的应变势能．8．1级地震的同时期由于地壳释放了巨大的应变能而应变速率变化显著．计算结果表明，地震所产生的应变达到4．5×10-6以上．发震断裂带的平均左旋走滑量是3．31m（89°E～96°E）．     

The Frozen Soils and Devastating Characteristics of West Kunlun Mountains Pass Ms 8.1 Earthquake Area in 2001

The investigation on damages to frozen soil sites during the West Kunlun Mountains Pass earthquake with Ms 8.1 in 2001 shows that the frozen soil in the seismic area is composed mainly of moraine, alluvial deposit, diluvial deposit and lacustrine deposit with the depth varying greatly along the earthquake rupture zone. The deformation and rupture of frozen soil sites are mainly in the form of coseismic fracture zones caused by tectonic motion and fissures,liquefaction, seismic subsidence and collapse resulting from ground motion. The earthquake fracture zones on the surface are main brittle deformations, which, under the effect of sinlstral strike-slip movement, are represented by shear fissures, tensional cracks and compressive bulges. The distribution and configuration patterns of deformation and rupture such as fissures, liquefaction, seismic subsidence and landslides are all related to the ambient rock and soil conditions of the earthquake area. The distribution of earthquake damage is characterized by large-scale rupture zones, rapid intensity attenuation along the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Highway, where buildings distribute and predominant effect of rock and soil conditions.     

2001年11月14日青藏可可西里（昆仑山）地震：破裂穿过大的张性阶跃带（二）

3 体波反演：滑动分布 在本节，我们基于点源结果和观测的地表破裂几何形状研制了可可西里地震的滑动分布模型。类似于其他的研究（如Wald and Heaton，1994；Kaverina et al，2002：An—tolik and Dreger，2003），我们使用有限断层方法对远震P波的子集进行反演。     

昆仑山北麓冰雪资源与河川径流的关联性分析

以和田地区昆仑山北麓中小河流为研究对象,根据水文观测站的实测年径流量及河源区的冰雪资源数据进行相关分析;通过计算成果说明区域内有实测水文资料的中小河流,其多年平均径流量与河源区的冰川面积相关系数达到0.802,关联程度密切;这一发现对本区域内昆仑山北坡的33条无资料河流进行水文分析具有实用意义,其计算方法简便,适合于本区域受冰川影响的缺乏水文资料区域河流的水文分析计算,采用河源区冰雪资源量推求无资料的中小河流的年径流量,所涉及到的计算数据均为已知确定量值,因此,分析计算成果不存在因人而异的情况,可靠性强;此方法是建立在河流源区所具有的冰雪资源量的基础上,因此得到的计算成果较可靠。对水利工程建设的规模、投资及工程安全性具有现实意义。     

封面图片:西金乌兰湖

西金乌兰湖,位于西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带上,属昆仑山支脉可可西里山南麓的可可西里自然保护区中心区域。地理坐标大致介于35°08′~35°18N′,90°04′~90°39′E之间,西与永红湖有水道相连,湖盆东西长约53km,最大宽度16km,湖水面积约450km^2,湖面海拔4783m。