水库地震与地质构造的关系

许多实例表明,水库地震与地质构造有十分密切的关系。本文根据一些实际资料着重讨论了水库地震与活动性强烈的大地构造区、断裂带、断块间差异运动之间的关系     

中国大陆自由空气重力场的初步研究

本文利用地面实测的重力资料计算并构制了从1°×1°到10°×10°平均的中国大陆自由空气重力异常图,并对这套图中所反映出来的基本事实进行了分析和解释,且就这些基本事实与大地构造、地壳均衡、地震活动的关系及其可能的地球动力学过程进行了讨论     

关于华北地区几个古地震遗迹的认识

本文简要报导华北地区几个古地震实例:1.内蒙磴口西北地震毁坏的汉代古城废墟;2.宁夏平罗西北红果子沟长城错开及古地震断层陡坎;3.宁夏中宁古城子古地震断层及沙基液化变形;4.天水—宝鸡—常兴古地震黄土滑坡带;5.辽宁海城黑音寺山地震裂缝及岩崩;6. 山东临朐山旺湖相硅藻土层中地震引起的揉皱变形;7.江苏新沂嶂山闸古地震裂缝     

短讯

川东北毛坝场构造发现良好储层超百米，青藏高原东部海相新区首钻参数井，中海油与英国合作勘探南海深海，黔中完成二维地震资料采集，川东北黑池梁构造完成460平方千米三维采集[编者按]     

难忘的一九七六年

1976年,我们接受了青藏铁路安多至那曲段沿线地震地质与地震烈度考察任务。由地质人员黄礼良、聂宗笙、孟宪良、李庆山等11人,司机与修理工张钰、史宪友、穆瑞华等8人,尚有卫生员赵永才、财神焦书泰及厨官许伟悦,共20余人?,由王树海同志领队,兼有三部北京吉普和两辆卡车,满载进藏物资,浩浩荡荡开往西宁—格尔木,直奔安多—那曲—拉萨。30年后的今天,火车已从祖国各地通往了拉萨,这是一条为西藏繁荣昌盛和人民幸福致富的康藏大道,在世界屋脊的冰川冻土层上成功地修建了铁路,也已经被中国和世界人民传为家喻户晓的佳话。30年过去了,往事浮想联…     

让地震前兆观测在防震减灾工作中做出更大的贡献——所庆四十周年有感

值此所庆四十周年华诞,忆往昔,展未来,浮想联翩。我所从一个地震地质野外队发展成为以地震成因、地震监测预报、防震减灾和工程稳定性等有关的现代地壳动力学基础研究和应用研究为主要任务的综合性研究所。四十年来,围绕活动构造、地球物理探测、地震前兆物理研究和监测、钻孔应力-应变观测、跨断层测量和断层活动监测、岩土力学、原地应力测量、工程地震、计算技术、工程地质勘察和构造物理实验等方面进行科学研究和技术实验。地震前兆观测理论、方法、技术的研究以及技术装备的研制是我所工作的重点、是重要方向任务之一,影响很大,举足轻…     

突出我所特色，提高地震预报水平

在地震预报工作中什么是我所特色?如何突出我所特色?阐明了个人见解。认为:特色问题是个重要问题。分析同样的资料,是否突出我所特色,关键在于从什么角度去分析,去研究。只有从分析与研究地震应力-应变场的角度,利用各家可利用的长处,用以描述、刻化和论证地震应力-应变场的变化,从中找出显著应力变化区,并逐一进行地震危险性评估,给出地震应力-应变场的变化和地震预测图才是我所的特色。在此基础上,本人还对地震分析预报中的一些相关问题谈了自己的意见。     

PCBs and OCPs in sediments from Hongfeng Reservoir in Guizhou Province, China

In this research, chlorinated hydrocarbons （polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides） were measured by GC-ECD in sediments from the Hongfeng Reservoir area. The concentrations of total PCBs range from 3.2 to 31.6 ng/g, among which PCB28, PCB52 are the major congeners with the concentrations from 0.5 to 4.6 ng/g, and from 0.4 to 28.1 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of these pollutants decrease from surface to bottom, while the concentrations at 1-4 cm are lower than at 5-8 cm, suggesting the decline of PCBs input. TOC concentrations of sediment are found in a significant positive correlation with those of PCBs, suggesting that PCBs are mainly adsorbed on organic matter and particles. HCHs and DDTs are the predominant organochlorine pesticides with the concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 8.9 ng/g （average 3.2 ng/g） and 0.9 to 25.7 ng/g （average 7.8 ng/g）, respectively. β-HCH and γ-HCH （lindane） are the predominant HCH isomers from sediments, and p, p＇-DDE and p, p＇-DDT are the predominant DDT isomers. DDT/DDE＋DDD and α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios range from 0.6 to 0.9 and 0.1 to 3.0, respectively, which indicates more use of lindane than technical mixtures of HCHs before, and also suggests changes in HCHs and DDTs in the environment. The high values of β-HCH and p, p＇-DDE also show that atmospheric input is one of the important sources of the Hongfeng Reservoir, because β-HCH and p, p＇-DDE are stable and have low Sw and Pv so that they can be easily transferred over a long range in atmosphere.     

Overcoming flood and desiccation made by implementing artificial recharge toward absorption reservoir

Flood and desiccation are perceived as two most critical and influential disasters which contradict between causes and consequences. Flood occurs when the water surface could no longer flow the whole water flow, thus, the water flooded. Contradicted to that, desiccation occurs when the water flow contains a low volume of water deposit, thus, the water requirement exceeds the available potential. That condition was caused by land utilization as the consequences due to the increased land requirement for housing or industrial needs. An attempt to overcome the flood, nowadays, is implemented mostly in a structural way, through building canals, implementing rivers normalization, building gateways or building flood control pump which are more directed toward the flood direction in order to increase the surface flow in an immediate maner to the sea. However, the effort to overcome the flood its self, could be more effective if followed by an effort to increase the soil ability to absorb natural recharge or artificial recharge or by refilling the water into the earth surface. Absorption reservoir used as one of technology alternatives （artificial recharge） could also be used to support the attempt to overcome flood and desiccation. Absorption reservoir is a dam which was designed according to the basic principles, such as the bottom surface of the reservoir that has a high permeability surface; the surface of the reservoir water is higher （higher aquifer） along with a high permeability, considering the availability of water source that has been absorbed and its quality; considering the aquifer category on the water absorption dam;     

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.