基于相对TV最小的CT图像重建算法

总变差（TV）最小算法是一种有效的CT图像重建算法,可以对稀疏或含噪投影数据进行高精度重建。然而,在某些情况下,TV算法会产生阶梯状伪影。在图像去噪领域,相对TV算法展现了优于TV算法的性能。鉴于此,将相对TV模型引入图像重建,提出相对TV最小优化模型,并在自适应梯度下降-投影到凸集（ASD-POCS）框架下设计对应的求解算法,以进一步提升重建精度。以Shepp-Logan、FORBILD及真实CT图像仿真模体进行重建实验,验证了该算法的正确性并评估了算法的稀疏重建能力和抗噪能力。实验结果表明,相对TV算法可以实现逆犯罪,可以对稀疏或含噪投影数据进行高精度重建,与TV算法相比,该算法可以取得更高的重建精度。      

Radon,Lung Cancer Risk and Environmental Geology in Gejiu Area

The incidence of lung cancer in the Gejiu area of Yunnan Province ranks the first in the world.The radon level(indoor,soil) was measured in the Gejiu area by the SSNTD method from 1990 to 1996,The result indicates an extensive high-level of indoor radon in that area though U and Th are lower in local limestones,The indoor radon level of houses located in the geologic fault zone is 6 times high that 2km far from the fault zone.The reason probably is that the radon level of soil in the fault is 6-8 times high that 1 km far from the faults.our data indicate that a lower range of radon levels,0-100Bq.m^-3,exists in healthy families.However,a higher radon level,over 800 Bq.m^-3,is often found corresponding to that of cancer patients‘ homes(the house-owners are suffering from either lung cancer or leukaemia or liver cancer),Obviously,an increase in lung cancer incidence follows an increase in indoor radon level,The risk of cancer induced by indoor radon is no longer an inference,but a fact.     

三叠纪嘉陵江期华蓥山同沉积断层的沉积、储层响应

对于断裂带在地质历史时期活动特点的认识,因多期次、不同活动性质的叠加改造而难以确定。以四川盆地南部嘉陵江组为例,通过三叠纪嘉陵江期华蓥山断裂带两侧的沉积、储层的研究发现沉积、储层响应与断面倾向南东、东侧下降的观点矛盾。主要表现为:在非浅滩化的嘉三期,紧邻断裂带西北侧的下降盘地层异常增厚;浅滩化的嘉一晚期—嘉二1期,东南侧的泸州古隆起地区颗粒岩累计厚度较西北侧增厚;另外,断层东南侧的颗粒岩发育早期岩溶型储层,而在西北侧这类储层欠发育。结果表明在三叠纪嘉陵江期华蓥山断裂带的断面倾向北西,为西侧下降的同沉积正断层。     

地震断层对管道压溃压力的影响

利用有限元软件ABAQUS,结合用户自定义Python程序,开展地震断层作用下深海管道局部变形和压溃过程的数值模拟。分析均质土体和随机分布土体模型的地震断层位移大小对管道局部变形的影响,并分析断层诱发的局部挤压变形对管道压溃压力的影响。研究表明:相比于断层走向与管道轴线方向垂直的走滑断层,断层走向与管道轴线方向夹角为45°的走滑断层作用下管道的压溃压力较小,且当断层走向为管道轴线方向逆时针旋转45°时,左旋走滑断层作用下管道的压溃压力低于右旋走滑断层作用下的管道压溃压力。断层位移相同时,管道径厚比越大,压溃压力越小。考虑土壤随机性时,由于APIX65钢制管道刚性较大,且管道两侧土体内聚力和摩擦角分散于均质土壤土体参数均值两侧,因此断层作用过程中管道受到的土压力在均质土壤模型中的土压力数值处上下波动。     

山西带断层形变特征研究

本文基于山西带跨断层形变测量的全部历史资料, 通过对1989年大同—阳高6.1级和1998年张北6.2级二次地震前断层形变群体性异常变化的分析, 对山西带断层形变特征及与强震孕育发生之间可能存在的关系进行了系统研究, 指出了断层形变在空间上和时间上存在的相对性特征, 可供用震例中总结出的断层形变规律跟踪预测和研究未来震情的趋势时参考, 同时对当前华北震情, 特别是山西带震情的跟踪研究工作提出了建议和看法。     

集集地震人员死亡率研究

发生在台湾省车笼埔断层上的集集地震造成了大量人员伤亡。本文搜集了该地震高烈度区的村里级行政单元的死亡率数据,并分析了城市型、乡镇型和农村型居民地的死亡率与地震烈度的关系。表明城市型和乡镇型平均死亡率差别不大,农村型则明显较高。对死亡率与地表破裂带、高烈度分布区和局部场地条件的关系等进行了分析,在此基础上,显示了死亡率随距离分布在断层两侧的不对称性。上述结果加深了对集集地震死亡率分布及其成因的认识,对评估未来地震人员死亡有重要意义。     

Distribution of large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges in relation to spreading rates

Large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges （MORs） provide a window into the deeper earth. They have megamullion on their corrugated surfaces, with exposed lower crustal and upper mantle rocks, rela- tively high residual Bouguer gravity anomaly and P-wave velocity, and are commonly associated with ocean- ic core complex. According to 30 detachment faults identified on MORs, we found that their distances to the axis mostly range from 5 to 50 km, half-spreading rates range from 6.8 to 17 mm/a, and activity time ranges from recent to 3 Ma. Most of the detachment faults are developed on the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge （MAR） and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIRl, with the dominant half-spreading rates of 7-13 mm/a, especially 10-13 mm/a. Furthermore, they mostly occur at the inside corner of one segment end and result in an asymmetric seafloor spreading. The detachment faults on MORs are mainly controlled by the tectonism and influenced by the magmatism. Long-lived detachment faults tend to be formed where the ridge magma supply is at a moderate level, although the tectonism is a first-order controlling factor. At the slow spreading ridges, detachment faults tend to occur where local magma supply is relatively low, whilst at the ultra-slow spreading ridges, they normally occur where local magma supply is relatively high. These faults are accompanied by hydrothermal activities, with their relationships being useful in the study of hydrothermal polymetallic sulfides and their origin.     

InSAR大气误差改正及其在活动断层形变监测中的应用

为了获取青藏高原东北缘老虎山断裂带精确的震间形变速率场,通过对短时间基线干涉图大气改正效果的评价,从3种外部大气数据(MERIS, ERA-Ⅰ, WRF)中确定出最优的大气改正方法,用于长时间基线干涉图中的大气信号改正;然后利用层叠法(stacking)累积平均经大气和轨道改正后的干涉图,获取了研究区的震间形变速率场.结果显示:海原断裂系统区域内,MERIS和ERA-Ⅰ的大气改正效果优于WRF;MERIS和ERA-Ⅰ的改正结果给出了相似的形变速率场,断层两盘相对形变速率为视线向2.5 mm/a,转换成平行于断层方向为6.5 mm/a,与GPS结果一致;在近断层5 km的范围内,出现了较大的形变梯度,揭示了浅层蠕滑的存在.      

应用于评价活动断层的地震方法技术

以在上海市区开展地震调查深埋活断层的实例,讨论了在都市区强干扰条件下开展断层活动性调查的地震方法技术。认为：在对基岩断层的活动性评价中,反射纵波法根据基岩断层是否向上延伸到第四纪Ｑ３地层内,而剪切波分裂法则根据由Ｑ３地层内界面反射横波确定的各向异性。当基岩断层向第四系延伸幅度较大,即第四纪地层内断层落差较大时,可采用反射纵波法;当基岩断层活动引起的第四纪地层内的断层落差较小,反射纵波法不能对其分辨时,可采用剪切波分裂法