用遥感定量研究城市扩张空间模式对城市生态环境影响的初探

城市扩张对生态环境的影响主要是由土地覆盖类型变化和扩张空间模式引起的。基于遥感的土地覆盖类型变化对生态环境的影响已实现定量研究,而空间模式的影响尚处于定性研究阶段。不能进行定量研究的原因:一是空间模式引起的环境变化信息较弱,二是空间模式难以定量描述。要实现空间模式对生态环境影响的定量研究,需要解决以下关键问题:①空间模式定量描述;②非模式因素的改正;③空间模式与生态环境变量的数学模型。     

可地浸砂岩型铀矿技术经济评价方法研究

通过对可浸砂岩型铀矿开采阶段的成本构成和影响地浸法开采的各种参数研究，找出其关键参数间的相互关系，并确定其研究方法，以此建立数学模型，并用数学模型法进行技术经济评价。     

TIDAL FEATURES IN THE CHINA SEAS AND THEIR ADJACENT SEA AREAS AS DERIVED FROM TOPEX／POSEIDON ALTIMETER DATA

Some important tidal features of 8 major tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, O1, P1,Sa, N2 and K2 ) in the china Seas and their adjacent sea areas were obtained using six years‘ TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data. The results showed that the obtained co-tidal and co-range charts for these major tidal constituents agreed well with those of previous researches using observational data from coastal tidal gauge stations and numerical models.     

Effects of Sediment-induced Stratification on Floc Breakup in an Idealized Tidal Estuary： A Numerical Modelling Study

Floc breakup dynamics are studied by a sediment transport numerical model in an idealized tidal estuary that has a constant water depth and rapid flocculation of cohesive sediments. The focus is placed on the effects of boundary layer stratification induced by a bottom nepheloid layer on floc breakup and size distribution in the water column. In a neutrally stratified estuary, the floc size distribution follows a parabolic function with maximum values at the surface and bottom. The sediment-induced stratification in the bottom boundary layer increases the median floc sizes. Furthermore, sediment-voided convection caused by the settling lutocline generates significant turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and reduces floc size at the depth where the convective mixing happens. Below that depth, a weak local maxima in the floc size is predicted due to presence of the lutocline. The effect of sediment-stratified bottom boundary layer on the floc breakup can be consistently approximated by a linear regression between the maximal floc size and flux Richardson number.     

Simulation of Surface Wave with Large Eddy Simulationin in δ-Coordinate System

A three-dimensional numerical model in the δ-coordinate system is developed to study the problem of waves. Turbulence effects are modeled by a subgfid-scale (SGS) model with the concept of large eddy simulation (LES). The δ-coordinate transformation is introduced to map the irregular physical domain of the wavy free surface and uneven bottom onto the regular computational domain of the shape of rectangular prism. The operator splitting method, which splits the solution procedure into the advection, diffusion, and propagation steps, is used to solve the modified Navier-Stokes Equation.The model is used to simulate the propagation of solitary wave and wave passing over a submerged breakwater. Numerical results are compared with available analytical solutions and experimental data in terms of velocity profiles, free surface displacement, and energy conservation. Good agreement is obtained. The method is proved to be of high accuracy and efficiency in simulating surface wave propagation and wave-structure interaction. It is suitable for the large and irregular physical domain, and requiring the non-uniform grid system. The present work provides a foundation for further studies of random waves, wave-structure interaction, wave-discharge interaction, etc.     

Numerical Modelling of Dissolving and Driving Exploitation of Potash Salt in the Qarhan Playa ? A Coupled Model of Reactive Solute Transport and Chemical Equilibrium in a Multi-component Underground Brine System

Firstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer （salt deposit） in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented, which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake. And secondly, with a model forming idea of transport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference, a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system （salt deposits） was developed by using the Pitzer theory. Meanwhile, the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarhan Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/ Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarhan Salt Lake.     

基于变系数回归模型的三峡库区滑坡位移预测

降雨-库水联合作用影响着三峡库区滑坡,而降雨、库水分别对滑坡演化的贡献及作用规律迄今尚不明确.以库区树坪滑坡和八字门滑坡为例,通过分析降雨和库水位资料,采用变系数回归模型,对滑坡位移进行预测.实验结果表明:经过改进的变系数回归模型方法不仅比传统的线性回归模型、自回归积分滑动平均模型、支持向量机模型方法具有更高的预测精度,而且能定量地给出各影响因素对滑坡位移的贡献.      

Wave-induced mixing in the Yellow Sea

Vertical wave-induced mixing parameter Bv expressed in wave number spectrum was estimated in the Yellow Sea. The spatial distributions of By averaged over upper 20 m in 4 seasons were analyzed. It is the strongest in winter because of winter monsoon, and the weakest in spring. Since in summer it plays an important role for circulation of upper layers, its vertical structure was also discussed. Two simulations with and without wave-induced mixing in this season were performed to evaluate its effect on temperature distribution. Numerical results indicate that wave-induced mixing could increase the mixed layer thickness greatly.