DSQ型水管倾斜仪安装中的一些技术问题

讨论了DSQ型水管倾斜仪安装中洞体安装条件、密封保温设施、水管气泡排除、IP标定等应注意的一些技术问题.     

工程物探在城市活断层勘查中压制干扰的方法

一、活断层特征 活断层广义上指在第四系地层沉积前或沉积中一直在活动的断层。其破碎带比较松散,胶结度差,成岩度低,在地震时间剖面上有着波组错断、同相轴分叉、相位扭曲、振幅变弱等特征。     

Species richness,diversity and density of understory vegetation along disturbance gradients in the Himalayan conifer forest

We investigated whether species richness, diversity and density of understory herbaceous plants differed along logging(gap) and grazing(primarily by cattle) disturbance gradients, and sought to identify drivers of richness, diversity and density of understory vegetation of logged sites. A factorial experiment was conducted in the mixed conifer forest of Gidakom in Western Bhutan. Levels of the logging treatment included small(0.15 – 0.24 ha), medium(0.25 – 0.35 ha) and large(0.36 – 1.31 ha) gaps. The grazing treatment included grazed(primarily by cattle) and ungrazed(where herbivores were excluded by a fence) plots nested within each gap. Data were collected from 12 gaps(4 replicates at each level of logging) using the point intercept method. Shannon Weaver Diversity and Margalef's indices were used to estimate species diversity and describe species richness, respectively. Soil samples were analyzed for pH and nutrients. The interaction effect of logging and grazing was significant(p≤0.001) only on species diversity. Relative to ungrazed areas, species diversity was significantly higher(0.01≤p≤0.05) in medium grazed gaps. Under grazed conditions, soil P was negatively correlated with gap size and species diversity. While species diversity was positivelycorrelated(0.01≤p≤0.05) with soil N in grazed plots species richness was positively correlated(0.001≤p≤0.01) with soil N in ungrazed plots. Relative density of Yushania microphylla and Carex nubigena were higher under ungrazed conditions. Our study suggests that the combined effect of cattle grazing and logging results in higher species diversity of understory vegetation in medium and grazed gaps in mixed conifer forests of Bhutan,whereas increase or decrease in relative density of major species is determined primarily by the independent effects of grazing and logging. From management perspective, forest managers must refrain from creating large gaps to avoid loss of nutrients(mainly P and N), which may eventually affect tree regeneration. Managers intending to maintain understory vegetation diversity must consider the combined effects of grazing and logging, ensuring low to moderate grazing pressure.     

714C气象雷达电磁干扰的分析及解决方法

雷达设备电磁干扰的解决方法,依赖于对干扰的准确分析。通过昆明机场７１４Ｃ气象雷达受空军警戒雷达干扰的实例,介绍了一种高功率脉冲对雷达发射机干扰的分析过程,并提出解决方法。     

相控阵馈源MVDR波束合成器缓解RFI仿真

相控阵馈源(Phased array feeds, PAFs)接收机作为下一代微波接收机,为大口径射电天文望远镜的射电干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)缓解工作带来了新的解决方法. PAFs接收机对射电望远镜焦平面的电磁波进行空域采样,返回时域阵列信号,使用最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response, MVDR)波束合成器可以自适应地识别RFI的方向,同时抑制RFI在输出信号中的功率,从而达到提升射电望远镜灵敏度的效果.仿真结果表明MVDR波束合成器对有源高能量的射电干扰有很强的识别能力和一定程度的缓解能力,同时,该波束合成器对各阵元信道中加性噪声累积引起的无源干扰有很强的抑制能力,因此, PAFs接收机的MVDR波束合成器可以增强日益复杂电磁波环境下射电望远镜的抗干扰能力.     

基于卡尔曼滤波强干扰和瞬间遮挡目标跟踪方法

针对空间目标与恒星的近距离强干扰和瞬间遮挡干扰,不易精确捕获目标位置的问题。提出用卡尔曼滤波预测目标位置并跟踪目标,跟踪波门用改进自适应的可变波门。同时设计新的强干扰和瞬间遮挡目标的预判和跟踪方法,当预判到此类目标时,将卡尔曼滤波的预测值作为观测值跟踪目标,并用目标预测质心对波门质心进行限定修正,从而捕获有用的观测数据。实验发现,该方法能稳健跟踪强干扰和瞬间遮挡目标,提升空间目标的跟踪精度,降低数据错误率,提高数据质量,为捕获轨道位置提供更多更有用的数据。该方法程序运行速率快,具有一定的适用性和科学价值。     

网袖扭转及其排除的模拟试验

网袖扭转是单拖渔轮用网囊引纲船舷一侧起网时有发生的现象。本模拟试验,可清楚地观察到网袖扭转的角度、方向,从而采取安全、简便快捷的方法排除。操作:面向船尾,右舷收网的顺时针方向扭转一周,左舷收网的逆时针方向扭转一周,排除时连接着网囊引纲一侧的网袖和混含纲保持不动,解开连接另一网袖叉纲一端的混合纲,顺其向绕另一混合纲一周并接回原处,网袖扭转便排除。     

射电望远镜远场区域强干扰源规避方法研究

随着频率使用率的提高, 射电天文台址地面或空间存在强电磁干扰致使望远镜接收机系统处于非线性状态. 为减少强电磁干扰的影响、提高天文观测效率, 提出了一种基于望远镜远场区域的强干扰源规避方法. 首先, 通过仿真分析确定的射电望远镜远场方向图, 结合望远镜与干扰源之间的位置关系, 分析了强电磁干扰到达射电望远镜焦点处的功率响应, 并依据接收机第2阶中频放大器性能参数, 确定射电望远镜处于非饱和状态的规避角度计算方法. 其次, 采用该方法计算分析了民航飞机对射电望远镜的影响, 若民航飞机上有主动发射的干扰源, 且不经过反射等传播现象, 当射电望远镜主波束轴偏开一定方向后, 可有效降低对射电望远镜的干扰强度.     

园形边界法及其应用

目前,确定干扰状态下机电井合理井距的方法主要为在裘布依公式的基础上,采用叠加原理导出的干扰井群计算法和水位削减法。但是,这两种方法都没有考虑到当井距大于影响半径、小于2倍的影响半径时的干扰情况。因此,计算的干扰涌水量往往偏大、井距过小,从而导致对地下水的超量开采,水位大幅度下降,甚至造成大量更换水泵和机电井报废等经济上的损失。圆形边界法则是利用抽水井形成的园形水位降落区域,依据井距小于2倍的影响半径时圆形边界进水情况的变化,导出的干扰井涌水量计算公式,确定灌溉耕地的合理井距及最佳打井数量。以便取得在尽可能满足灌溉用水的前提下,将投资压缩到最低限度。