Q Vector Analysis of Torrential Rainfall from Meiyu Front Cyclone： A Case Study

Following similar derivation of quasi-geostrophic Q vector （Q^C）, a new Q vector （Q^N） is constructed in this study. Their difference is that the geostrophic wind in quasi-geostrophic Q vector is replaced by the wind in Q^N vector. The diagnostic analysis of Q^N vector is compared with that of Q^G vector in the case study of a typical Meiyu front cyclone （MYFC） occurred over Changjiang-Huaihe regions during 5-6 July 1991. The results show that the Q^N vector has more diagnostic advantages than Q^G vector does. Convergence of Q^N vector at 700 hPa is found to be a good indicator to mimic the horizontal distribution of precipitation. Q^N vector is further partitioned into four components： Q^Nalst （along-stream stretching）,Q^Ncurv （curvature）,Q^Nshdv （shear advection）, and Q^Ncrst （cross-stream stretching） in a natural coordinate system with isohypse （PG partitioning）. The application of Q^N PG partitioning in the MYFC torrential rain indicates that PG partitioning of Q can identify dominant physical processes. The horizontal distribution of 2V·Q^Nalst is similar to that of 2V·Q^N and mainly accounts for 2V·Q^N during the entire period of Meiyu. The effects of Q^Ncurv on rainfall enhancement fade from the mature stage to decay stage. Qshdv enhances precipitation significantly as the MYFC develops, and the effect weakens rapidly when the MYFC decays during its eastward propagation. Q^Ncrst shows little impacts on rainfall during the onset and mature phases whereas it displays significant role during the decay phase.Q^N alst and Q^Nshdv and Q^Ncrst show cancellation only during the decay period.     

基于FY-4A卫星资料的四川盆地MCC初生和成熟阶段特征

利用高频次FY-4A数据资料,研究了四川盆地2018年中尺度对流复合体MCC(mesoscale convectivecomplex)初生和成熟阶段的卫星云图特征.结果表明,MCC对流云团面积在初生阶段和成熟阶段分别以0～50 pixels(15 min)-1和150～200 pixels(15 min)-1的速率增长...     

2004年4月29日常德超级单体研究

利用常德和长沙多普勒天气雷达资料和常规资料,对2004年4月29日发生在湖南安乡且产生了10 cm直径降雹和广泛8级大风的超级单体风暴进行了详细分析.该超级单体风暴发生在西南高空急流和西南南低空急流的交汇区域,加强的热力不稳定趋势和较大的垂直风切变条件非常有利于超级单体的产生.超级单体风暴呈现出典型的钩状回波,钩状回波位于该超级单体风暴移动方向的右后侧,从低层一直扩展到将近6 km高度;同时出现了指示存在大冰雹的三体散射回波.此次超级单体风暴成熟阶段中气旋的最大旋转速度为24 m·s-1,属于强中气旋,相应的垂直涡度为1.6×10-2 s-1.反射率因子的垂直剖面显示该超级单体风暴具有一个宽大的有界弱回波区(穹窿),其水平尺度超过10 km,垂直扩展超过4 km.在有界弱回波区之上,是一个强度超过70 dBZ的反射率因子核区,其中心高度为9 km,展现出典型的强烈超级单体雹暴结构.超级单体风暴在演变过程中经历了3次分裂过程.     

松辽盆地北部深层凝析油及油型气的成因研究

松辽盆地北部深层发现的凝析油及油型气扩大了油田的勘探潜力.应用单体烃碳同位素、生物标志化合物等分析技术,结合地质背景对凝析油、天然气和固体沥青进行的地球化学研究表明:深层凝析油包括煤成凝析油和泥质烃源岩形成的凝析油,前者芳烃含量高、单体烃碳同位素重,后者饱和烃含量高、单体烃碳同位素轻,生物标志化合物对比,二者均来自于沙河子组烃源岩;油型气甲烷碳同位素轻,一般小于-45‰,且甲烷与乙烷之间碳同位素分馏明显,属原油裂解成气特征,油型气与煤型气混合可能是深层天然气碳同位素系列倒转的重要原因之一;火山岩储层中的固体沥青有机地球化学分析,有机碳含量0.08%～0.16%,氢指数49～297 mg/g,Ro大约为1.87%,表征固体沥青现今的成烃潜力较小,原油向天然气转化主要发生在高成熟阶段的晚期,对应的地质年代大约是嫩江组-明水组沉积末(80～65 Ma).原油向天然气转化的事实启示,深层天然气勘探要兼顾古油藏的研究.     

不同岩石中分散可溶有机质裂解成气特征

通过模拟实验,对碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩中分散可溶有机质裂解生气的模式及产物特征进行了探讨。实验表明,分散于碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩中的可溶有机质在高温热裂解演化过程中,其产气率存在着明显的差别。对于碎屑岩而言,当分散可溶有机质丰度小于0.3%时,裂解产气率与岩石中分散可溶有机质含量呈正相关关系,大于0.3%时几乎不变,而碳酸盐岩中分散可溶有机质产气率与分散可溶有机质含量的关系不是很明显。赋存于两类不同岩石中的分散可溶有机质的裂解气的及干燥系数也存在着较大差异。结果表明上述地球化学特征均与岩石对类烃气体的选择性吸附有关。     

海相碳酸盐岩二苯并噻吩类化合物成熟度参数研究进展与展望

热成熟度是评价各地质时期沉积盆地烃源岩和油气演化的必要参数。近二十余年国内外研究结果表明,二苯并噻吩系列化合物成熟度参数有望成为高 -过成熟阶段海相碳酸盐岩及其油气有效分子成熟度指标。建立高 -过成熟阶段碳酸盐岩烃源岩二苯并噻吩系列化合物成熟度参数与岩石Ro(通过沥青反射率或海相镜质体反射率换算 )之间的关系式是目前国内外石油地球化学界尚未解决的问题。该关系式的建立对我国下古生界和中上元古界碳酸盐岩来源之油、气成熟度Ro值的确定及油、气 /源岩对比研究将提供比较可靠的新方法。对指导我国海相地层油气勘探具有广阔的应用前景。     

Geochemistry of solvable organic matter from source rocks in Shangkuli Formation of Labudalin Basin

A suit of lacustrine source rocks are developed in volcanic deposits in the Shangkuli Formation of the Cretaceous. However, it is poor to understand the characteristics of source rocks due to the low degree of exploration, thus the exploration is severely constrained in this area. Based on the geochemical analysis, the analytic technique of GC and GC-MS, combined with the characteristics of solvable organic matter and biomarkers of the source rocks, the authors discussed the depositional environment, the derivation of the matrix and the maturity characteristics of the organic material of the Shangkuli Formation in Cretaceous. The results show that the organic matter mainly belongs to type Ⅱ1 kerogen, whose abundance is relatively high; it was formed in reductive surrounding where was deep-lake; the hydrocarbon is characterized by mixed-source of organic matter. The thermal evolution of source rocks had reached maturation stage.     

四川盆地西南部储层有机包裹体组成和碳同位素特征及其对油气来源的指示

本文对四川盆地西南部气区震旦系灯影组和二叠系茅口组、长兴组碳酸盐岩储层的有机包裹体特征、组成、碳同位素进行了研究，追索了研究区油气的演化、运移及油气的成因。结果表明，在震旦系灯影组和二叠系茅口组、长兴组储层中，皆存在有三期以上的油气运移。不同储层中，相应各期的油气运聚特点及演化程度略有不同，灯影组中各期有机质的成熟度及油气演化程度均略高于二叠系；同储层中，各期油气运聚的特点及演化程度存在明显的差异，可划分为三个阶段：石油成熟阶段、高成熟凝析油一湿气阶段、过成熟干气阶段。研究区灯影组储层的天然气成因为油型气，二叠系的为多成因；各储层中的CO2主要为有机成因气，少量为无机成因气。