俯冲-碰撞带硼循环

俯冲带控制着地球内部和表层的物质与能量交换.硼(B)是一个质量轻的流体活动性元素.B及其同位素体系是理解俯冲-碰撞带流/熔体活动和物质循环的重要工具.本文综述了俯冲板块中各储库的硼含量和同位素组成以及主导硼分配的关键矿物.介绍了目前对大洋俯冲带弧前、弧下和弧后深度下硼循环的主要认识;简要介绍了刚起步的大陆俯冲-碰撞带硼循环研究.阐述了含电气石(超)高压变质岩在俯冲带硼迁移研究中的重要性.指出今后需深化含水矿物在不同地温梯度下脱水/熔融过程中硼同位素分馏研究,加强流/熔体包裹体硼同位素分析技术及应用研究.由于B及同位素可有效区分大洋地壳和大陆地壳物质,未来将在造山带演化和地球深部物质循环研究中扮演更重要的角色.     

东北湿地生态环境调研

1引言湿地是水陆相互作用形成的特殊自然综合体,更因其巨大的水文和元素循环功能,被称为"地球之肾",是自然界最具生产力的生态系统之一[1]。     

Natural thermoluminescence of fossil foraminiferals as a potential proxy for deep-sea temperature changes

Foraminiferal shells from two piston cores separately located at the Ninetyeast Ridge and the Bengal Fan of the Indian Ocean were selected and purified for measurements of natural thermoluminescence （NTL） intensity by a high precision thermoluminescence meter （RGD-3）. Variations of the NTL intensity along the two core sequences both spanning the last two glacial--interglacial cycles displayed a strong, identical signal of the global ice volume cycles, which matched well with their corresponding oxygen isotope data. As higher NTL intensity occurred within interglacial periods and changes in an NTL signal were most likely influenced by the temperature of ambient seawater in which the planktonic foraminiferal shells long existed, the NTL signal could be considered as a potential proxy for orbital scale temperature changes of bottom seawater in the tropical Indian Ocean.     

Low-temperature alteration of oceanic island basalts and their contribution to transition metal circulation of the ocean

The major elements, rare earth elements （REE） and trace elements of four basalt samples from central and western Pacific ferro- manganese crust provinces have been analyzed using chemical methods and ICP - MS, respectively. The results indicate that the samples have been extensively altered and that the contents of their major elements have changed significantly. However, the similarity of REE partition patterns and trace element contents of basalt samples to those of fresh oceanic island basalts （OIB） indicate that the basalt samples originated as OIB. Because of low-temperature alteration, the contents of A1203 , Fe203 , MnO, K20 and P205 increased, while MgO and FeO decreased. Active components, such as magnesium and iron, were leached from OIB resulting in the relative enrichment of SiO2. The leaching of active components can cause the relative enrichment of REE, while the precipitation of LREE-rich ferromanganese oxides in vesicles and fissures not only causes an increase of REE contents, but also induces ＂fractionation＂ of LREE and HREE. Based on the enrichment mechanism of REE contents, the theoretical quantities of precipitated ferromanganese oxides and the depleted quantities of active components are calculated ： the depleted quantities of active components for the unit mass of fresh basalts vary in the range of 0.15 ～ 0. 657, and the precipitated quantities of ferromanganese oxides for the unit mass of fresh basahs vary in the range of 0. 006 ～ 0. 042. Of the major elements, the two most depleted are iron, and magnesium, with 18.28% ～ 70.95% of iron and 44.50% ～ 93.94% of magnesium in the fresh basalts was leached out. Theoretical calculation and geochemistry results both indicate that low-temperature alteration of basalts can supply abundant amount of metals to seawater, and may play an important role in ocean metal circulation.     

Wind impact on pollutant transport in a shallow estuary

A three-dimensional numerical model, EFDC （ environmental fluid dynamics code） is applied to the Pamlico River Estuary （PRE） in eastern North Carolina of the United States to examine the wind impact on pollutant age distributions and residence time. A series of model experiments representing base case, remote-wind-induced water level set-up and local winds cases are conducted. Model results indicate that the pollutant mean age and the system residence time are functions of gravitational circulation in the PRE. The system responses to remote-wind-induced water level set-up are different in different portions of the PRE. Under such condition, dissolved substances in the upstream portion of the PRE have a younger age and shorter residence time （compared with the base case） , by contrast, they have a older age and longer residence time in the downstream portion of the PRE. Upriver and downriver local winds appear to have opposite impacts on pollutant age distributions. The substances are retained much longer within the PRE under upriver wind than those under downriver wind. The model results also suggest that across - river winds may lead to longer residence time through enhanced turbulence mixing, which slows down the gravitational circulation in the PRE.     

热带太平洋次表层三维海温距平场的EOF分析

应用太平洋次表层海温距平资料构造了一个立体的西低东高的四级阶梯模型,使用EOF方法对此模型进行时空分解,重点讨论了分解结果与ENSO循环的关系,并对Nino 3距平指数进行试预报,结果表明,用 EOF分解的第一主分量代表暖池-厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)模态,第二主分量代表次表层温度距平的东西运移模态,厄尔尼诺事件正是东西运移模态突变的结果.时滞相关分析估算,一次ENSO循环的平均周期约为41个月,厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜模态与温度距平的东西运移模态的位相差平均约为9.7个月.应用逐步回归方法得到超前Nino 3距平指数3、6和12个月的3个预报方程.预报结果表明,第一、第二时间系数对Nino 3距平指数均具有一定的预报价值,预报时效可达1 a左右.     

东地中海对气候作用力的响应：来自最后两个间冰期高峰的认知

有关地中海海洋系统对气候效应的灵敏性这一问题仍处于争辩阶段。在这里,我们研究了在过去最后两个间冰期高峰期间东地中海海洋循环对日照效应的长期反应,在这期间大规模的水文变化导致了富含有机质的沉积物的沉积。     

废物变宝——义马市节能减排促产业升级

煤矸石粉煤灰吃干榨净变建材,锅炉过滤除尘全“戒烟”,废水循环利用成资源——义马,一个以煤炭为标志的城市、正在悄然发生着变化。     

滋肾平眩汤联合西药治疗后循环缺血性眩晕肾阴不足证49例

目的：观察滋肾平眩汤联合西药治疗后循环缺血性眩晕肾阴不足证的临床疗效。方法：将后循环缺血性眩晕肾阴不足证患者98例随机分为2组,每组各49例。2组均给予西医常规治疗,对照组加用盐酸氟桂利嗪胶囊治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加服滋肾平眩汤治疗。1个月后比较2组综合疗效、动脉血流速度、不良反应。结果：总有效率治疗组为87.76%,对照组为71.43%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2组基底动脉、右椎动脉、左椎动脉血流速度治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：滋肾平眩汤联合西药可提高后循环缺血性眩晕肾阴不足证的临床疗效,改善血流速度,且不良反应少。     

基于点云数据的改进四叉树空间索引研究

随着测绘行业的不断发展,三维激光扫描技术已经成为地理信息产业中不可或缺的重要组成部分^[1],然而点云庞大的数据量给处理带来了一定的困难。本文针对运用车载移动测量系统所获取的海量点云数据,采用了一种基于编码改进四叉树索引的点云数据组织处理方法。结果证明该方法提高了创建索引的速度,减少了树的深度以及数据的冗余量,并基于此编码进行最邻近查找,具有可行性和有效性。