TTI各向异性叠前深度偏移在高陡构造区应用——以DB三维区为例

由于DB三维区古近系盐上浅层高陡,盐下目的层逆冲断片发育,导致地震资料品质差:信噪比低,成像不理想.无论是时间域处理还是各向同性叠前深度偏移处理,均难以得到好的成像,不能满足构造精细解释需要,限制了该区天然气勘探.为了提高地震资料品质,这里针对DB高陡构造低信噪比资料,除了处理解释一体化提高高速砾岩体速度建模精度外,重点开展了倾斜介质——TTI各向异性参数研究,获得了参数预测的有效方法.通过各向异性模型与速度模型的迭代,使得叠前深度偏移的速度模型更加合理,明显提高了地震资料成像质量.     

Seismogram Analysis and Fitting of Three Earthquakes,West Papua,Recorded at Stations ENH and KMI,China

The S wave velocity structure of the earth below Eastern Southeast Asia has been investigated by analyzing the seismogram from surface wave to multiple depth waves in the time domain and three Cartesian components simultaneously. The wave passes across the front area of subduction zone between the Philippine plate and the Asian plate. The main data are waveform comparisons, instead of the arrival times. The synthetic seismogram is calculated using the GEMINI method. The synthetic seismogram constructed by PREMAN global earth model deviates greatly from the measured one. To solve this problem, corrections are needed for the β speed structure. Corrections cover the gradient change of βh, which turns from negative to positive in upper mantle layers as in the PREMAN, change of earth crust depth and change of zero order coefficients of β velocity function in all earth mantle layers. So, the fitting is obtained, as well as the arrival time or the waveform of Love and Rayleigh surface waves, the S wave and the repetitive depth waves ScS2 and ScS3. This result reveals that the Southeast Asia, being stretched due to tectonic release, has a mantle in some parts with negative anomaly of S wave velocity and vertical anisotropy in all earth mantle layers.     

剪切波分裂分析系统SAM(2007)——软件系统

地震各向异性是一种普遍现象,利用剪切波分裂可以研究地壳介质的地震各向异性特性,这是地震学研究中的一个前沿课题。本文介绍了基于SAM(2003R)发展的剪切波分裂系统分析方法软件——SAM(2007)。SAM(2007)在保留原软件系统优点的基础上,修改和发展了新的功能,在资料预处理、数据分析和结果输出等方面都进行了更新或发展,增加了地震定位模块,使新的软件系统更适用于国内的区域地震台网或流动台网资料的处理和分析。     

地球内部结构及物性研究的进展及问题

本文对近几年中国地球物理学家在地球内部结构和物质性质方面的研究工作进行总结.从地球内部结构的地震波速度成像,地幔介质的各向异性,地幔间断面及地幔介质物性进行了综述,指出在一些原有的研究领域,工作更加深入,方法更加先进,而且进行了广泛的国际合作,合作的范围也逐渐扩大,方式多样,并开拓了一些新的研究方向.在肯定我们近几年取得的一些新的进展的同时,也提出了地球内部结构研究中应进一步研究的问题.     

基于BISQ模型的三维双相各向异性介质数值模拟

Biot-flow and squirt-flow are the two most important fluid flow mechanisms in porous media containing fluids. Based on the BISQ （Biot-Squirt） model where the two mechanisms are treated simultaneously, the elastic wave-field simulation in the porous medium is limited to two-dimensions and two-components （2D2C） or two-dimensions and three-components （2D3C）. There is no previous report on wave simulation in three- dimensions and three-components. Only through three dimensional numerical simulations can we have an overall understanding of wave field coupling relations and the spatial distribution characteristics between the solid and fluid phases in the dual-phase anisotropic medium. In this paper, based on the BISQ equation, we present elastic wave propagation in a three dimensional dual-phase anisotropic medium simulated by the staggered-grid high-order finite-difference method. We analyze the resulting wave fields and show that the results are an improvement.     

非均质各向异性软基上管桩基础承载力分析

对于非均质各向异性软土地基上管桩基础的承载力,基于塑性极限分析理论考虑软土强度的非均质与各向异性效应,提出了一种改进的三维极限分析上限解法。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,采用Hill理想弹塑性模型,对软基上管桩水平承载力进行了数值模拟,由此所得到的破坏模式与极限分析方法中的假设失稳机制基本一致。通过变动参数对比分析,探讨了软黏土不排水抗剪强度的各向异性和非均质性对于管桩基础承载力的影响。     

中国跨境水资源的脆弱性及其影响因子

Competitive use of transboundary freshwater resources is becoming one of the key factors influencing regional peace and political relationship among states. In China, 18 major international river basins are concentrated in three regions, of which the total annual outflow at the border is 7320×10⁸ m³, occupying 26.8% of the total annual runoff of China, and the inflow at the border is only 172×10⁸ m³. In this paper, we analyzed the major drivers affecting shared water vulnerability in China, namely: (1) changes in physical conditions affecting the availability of water; (2) competing objectives between economic development and ecological conservation; (3) lack of emergency response mechanisms; (4) unsound administrative institutions; and (5) shortcomings in the development of regional cooperation based on transboundary waters. We concluded by identifying four pathways for reducing vulnerability: (1) encouraging scientific research cooperation; (2) constructing information-sharing channels; (3) establishing early-warning mechanisms; and (4) promoting further coordination and negotiation. Foundation: The National Key Project for Basic Research on Ecosystem Changes in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region and Transboundary Eco-security of Southwest China, No.2003CB415105 Author: Feng Yan (1967–), Ph.D and Professor, specialized in coordinated management of international river basins related to international water law and water policy, natural resources sustainable uses in mountainous areas.     

各向异性弹性波动方程多分量联合叠后逆时偏移

为了更好地描述地下介质的各向异性特性,实现准确的波场成像,开展了各向异性介质逆时偏移研究。采用高阶交错网格有限差分法推导出各向异性弹性波动方程叠后逆时深度偏移方程,证明各向异性介质向各向同性介质转化的条件,并研究Thom son参数对弹性波场的影响,合成了各向同性介质和各向异性介质多分量零偏移距剖面,实现了多分量模拟记录联合叠后逆时偏移。计算结果表明,能够准确地实现多分量波场叠后逆时成像,使地质层位中的断层、断点等目标成像清晰准确,且偏移成像精度较高,因此各向异性逆时偏移法是一种高精度的深度域偏移成像方法,可以指导实际天然地震资料和人工地震资料的数据处理。     

中国东部上地幔各向异性研究

对布设在中国东部的固定和流动宽频带地震台网共65个台站记录作远震SKS波形资料偏振分析,采用SC方法和叠加分析求得每一个台站的SKS快波偏振方向和快、慢波的时间延迟,获得了中国东部上地幔各向异性图像。中国东部的各向异性快波方向从华南的近EW方向到华北的NWW-SEE方向,再到东北的NW-SE方向,由南向北呈顺时针旋转的趋势。快、慢波时间延迟范围是0.41-1.52s。通过分析研究区各向异性特征,认为中国东部上地幔各向异性可能与中国大陆受印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞以及太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块向欧亚板块下方的俯冲的共同作用有关。在中国西部地壳增厚隆起的同时,物质向东挤出,使得东部上地幔物质向东和东南方向流动。中国东部大陆岩石圈和岩石圈下的上地幔物质在板块的相互作用下产生变形,使上地幔橄榄岩等晶体的晶格优势取向沿物质流动方向。各向异性快波方向与岩石圈的伸展方向和GPS得到的速度场方向一致,表明中国东部壳幔变形具有垂直连贯变形特征。     

分析汶川“5•12”震害探求房屋“大震不倒”途径

本文围绕“大震不倒”主题,对汶川“5．12”特大地震震害进行了分析探究。文中涉及“大震不倒”设防目标、研究方法、房屋倒塌的震害特点等问题;对倒塌房屋分为薄弱层垮塌、沿开问垮塌、不规则体型垮塌3种类型进行了讨论,分析了垮塌的原因并提出了看法;同时还对“强梁弱柱”现象做了分析。最后,扼要对混凝土框架结构和砖混结构提出“大震不倒”的建议性意见。