地铁首级地面控制网的建立与精度分析

详细介绍了郑州市地铁3号线一期工程首级GPS控制网的布设、外业观测、基线处理、控制网平差计算以及控制网精度分析的具体过程,并对整个工程进行了经验总结.     

鄱阳湖地区湖陆风特征及成因分析

利用2006-2010年鄱阳湖地区德安、鄱阳、湖口、进贤和星子站风向、风速常规气象观测资料,分析了鄱阳湖地区湖陆风的特点及季节性变化。结果表明,鄱阳湖地区有湖陆风现象存在。平均而言,东西方向湖陆风强度为0.5~0.7 m·s-1,湖西侧湖陆风转换时间较湖东侧早2 h左右,而南北方向的湖陆风强度相对较弱,为0.3 m·s-1左右,湖北侧的湖陆风转换时间较湖南侧提前近5 h。湖陆风存在季节变化,夏季湖陆风表现得相对更强一些,而秋季表现异于其他季节。利用2010年8月中尺度自动气象站逐时观测资料得到,湖区的湖陆风现象与湖陆热力差异有关。采用浅水波模型对鄱阳湖地区湖陆风形成原因进行了模拟分析,结果与实际现象基本一致,能反映湖陆风的一些特征。     

一种平滑程度可控的等高线平滑方法

提出了一种能够通过具有实际意义的参数控制等高线平滑程度,通过等高线平滑可以控制等高线细节的表达程度的方法,能够完成不同尺度下等高线的简化;算法通过结合曲线平滑和迭代最大残差抑制方法,完成等高线平滑程度控制,此时全体高程点平面位移均低于给定平滑容差.首先通过自适应算法选取最大平滑因子,对全体高程点进行平滑处理,选择点位位移最大高程点进行局部处理,以一定倍率逐渐减小平滑因子,使得该点点位位移低于给定平滑容差;不断重复该过程,直到全体高程点点位位移均低于给定平滑容差,从而完成等高线平滑程度的控制.经实验验证,等高线平滑后曲线曲率更小,曲率变化更加均匀,且等高线精度能够通过参数进行控制.     

无序航空遥感影像的三维地形重建

无序航空影像的三维重建是摄影测量和计算机视觉领域研究的热点问题。提出一种可以不依赖任何辅助信息,由无序航空遥感影像全自动重建三维地形模型的算法流程。实验通过3组具有代表性的影像数据集验证了该方法的有效性和适用性。对重建后的三维地形模型的绝对精度检验表明,该方法重建的三维模型不仅具有较高的平面精度,而且当影像的基高比较好时,也可以获得较高的高程精度。     

初夏东亚季风强度指数与陕西降水异常关系

应用1979-2011年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和陕西地面月降水资料,分析计算东亚初夏季风强度指数和陕西降水距平一致率,采用统计相关分析方法分析初夏东亚季风强度指数与陕西降水异常的统计关系,并采用合成分析方法讨论了初夏强(弱)东亚季风年陕西多雨(少雨)的大气环流特征。结果表明:初夏东亚季风偏强,陕西易多雨,且陕北、关中比较显著,而初夏东亚夏季风偏弱,陕西易少雨,偏少的程度陕北北部最明显;初夏东亚季风偏强时,欧亚中高纬度距平场自西向东呈"+-+"的波列分布,环流场中乌拉尔山长波脊偏强,贝加尔湖到巴尔喀什湖低槽偏深,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,相应的对流层低层青藏高原东侧为偏南距平风,而华北为弱偏东距平风,在西北地区东部形成了距平风的气旋性切变,有利于该区域初夏多雨;初夏东亚夏季风偏弱时,欧亚中高纬度距平场距平自西向东呈"-+-"的分布,中亚长波脊强盛,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱且位置偏东。陕西主要受中亚高脊前西北气流控制,陕西初夏多晴热天气,易少雨;但初夏东亚季风偏弱时,东亚中纬度盛行平直西风气流,西风锋区位于40°N附近,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏西偏南,青藏高原位势高度偏低,并多短波槽或低值系统活动,陕西初夏受西风带系统和高原东移的低气压系统影响,陕西大部易多雨。     

平鲷不同发育类型的染色体核型分析

研究了平鲷（Rhabdosargus sarba）自然群体和人工诱导雌核发育的染色体核型,结果表明：平鲷自然群体和雌核发育二倍体的染色体没有明显的形态结构差异,数目均为2n=48,中部着丝点染色体2对,亚中部着丝点染色体1对,亚端部着丝点染色体2对,端部着丝点染色体19对,其核型公式为4m＋2sm＋4st＋38t,染色体总臂数（NF）54,染色体上未见随体、次缢痕,也未发现有明显异形的性染色体;雌核发育单倍体染色体数目n=24,中部着丝点染色体有2条,亚中部着丝点染色体1条,亚端部着丝点染色体2条,端部着丝点染色体19条,核型公式为2m＋1sm＋2st＋19t,染色体总臂数（NF）27,单倍体染色体数量是其二倍体染色体的一半,其形态和结构与同源的另一套染色体相似.根据鲷科几种主要鱼类的核型,结合它们之间的杂交后代的性状表现和遗传亲和力、个体发育及其基本生物学特征分析,在分类学上平鲷可以归入鲷属,与黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）和黄鳍鲷（Sparus latus）同为一属.     

射向标定测量中角度平差方法探讨

射向标定测量只需要提供方位角成果,为了消除测距误差对方位角的影响,在数据处理时只对观测水平角进行平差。比较各种平差方法,并通过实例分析得出,对观测水平角进行间接平差最为方便实用。对多次实测数据进行统计,通过闭合差估计出:射向标定测量中测角中误差为1″左右,基准方位角的精度水平在1.2″左右。     

Histological Observation of Germ Cell Development and Discovery of Spermatophores in Ovoviviparous Black Rockfish（Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf） in Reproductive Season

Black rockfish（Sebastes schlegeli） is an important species for culture; however, its reproductive characteristics have not been fully documented. In this study, we investigated the morphology and developmental process of germ cells in this ovoviviparous rockfish in reproductive season（October 2011–November 2012） with histological methods. We found that the gonad of mature fish showed notable seasonal changes in developmental characteristics and morphological structure. The sperm cells matured during a period lasting from October to December, significantly earlier than the oocytes did. A large number of spermatozoa and other cells occurred in testis at different developmental stages. Vitellogenesis in oocytes began in October, and gestation appeared in April next year. Spermatophores were discovered for the first time in Sebastes, which assembled in testis, main sperm duct, oviduct and genital tract, as well as ovarian cavity in October and April. These organs may serve either as production or hiding places for spermatophores and spermatozoa which were stored and transported in form of spermatophores. Testicular degeneration started from the distal part of testis in April, with spermatophores assembled in degenerating testis and waiting for transportation. The copulation probably lasted for a long period, during which the spermatozoa were discharged in batches as spermatophores. These spermatophores were coated with sticky materials secreted from the interstitial areas of testis and the main sperm duct, then transported into ovary.     

不拘一格“用”土地”——陕西节约集约用地的做法

正近年来,陕西省各地结合实际节约集约用地,不断探索出诸如"东樊模式"、"富平模式"、"阎良模式"、"西乡模式"等发展新路径,走出了一条保障发展与改善民生的双赢之路。"现在4个村组的土地差不多都复垦完了。这边的土地已经包出去30亩,那边的60亩也包出去了,村民打算收拾好就栽葡萄苗哩!"陕西省高陵县药惠乡东樊村村党支部书记雷登第说。记者近日在这片土地上看到,大块的土地已复垦,且被整理得平平展展。作为陕西省最早启动城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点之一,高陵县通过实施增减挂钩,不仅节余出302亩建设用地指标,还将通过拍卖筹得的1.7亿元收益用于东樊村新社区建设,老百姓不用掏钱就能住进新居。     

Time-Dependent Nonlinear Forcing Singular Vector-Type Tendency Error of the Zebiak-Cane Model

Based on the Zebiak-Cane model, the timedependent nonlinear forcing singular vector （NFSV）-type tendency errors with components of 4 and 12 （denoted by NFSV-4 and NFSV-12） are calculated for predetermined El Nifio events and compared with the constant NFSV （denoted by NFSV-1） from their patterns and resultant prediction errors. Specifically, NFSV-1 has a zonal dipolar sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） pattern with negative anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific and positive anomalies in the equatorial central-western Pa- cific. Although the first few components in NFSV-4 and NFSV-12 present patterns similar to NFSV-1, they tend to extend their dipoles farther westward; meanwhile, the positive anomalies gradually cover much smaller regions with the lag times. In addition, the authors calculate the predic- tion errors caused by the three kinds of NFSVs, and the results indicate that the prediction error induced by NFSV-12 is the largest, followed by the NFSV-4. However, when compared with the prediction errors caused by random tendency errors, the NFSVs generate significantly larger prediction errors. It is therefore shown that the spatial structure of tendency errors is important for producing large prediction errors. Furthermore, in exploring the tendency errors that cause the largest prediction error for E1 Nifio events, the timedependent NFSV should be evaluated.