全面推进可持续消费

当前在中国政府统一部署下,各地、各部门正在采取综合措施推进污染减排。2007年中国全国主要污染物排放量、化学需氧量排放量比2006年下降了3.14%,二氧化硫排放量2468万吨,比2006年下降4.66%。主要污染物的排放量实现双下降首次出现拐点。     

新南威尔士深部咸水含水层二氧化碳封存潜力

概述 新南威尔士拥有全澳大利亚最大浓度的人为二氧化碳排放源,其中包括石油精练厂、炼焦厂和火力发电厂。在未来二十年内,预计仅固定碳源排放大约705千兆立方米（或24．9Tcf）的二氧化碳。特别是悉尼盆地地区有着全澳大利亚最大的二氧化碳排放源,其中11个固定的大气二氧化碳排放源排放量仅占整个国家总二氧化碳排放量的34％。     

上海市废水排放与处理的现状及对策研究

本文根据上海市1991年到2007年废水排放的统计资料,对比分析了近年来上海市工业和生活及其他领域废水的排放情况。分析结果显示,工业废水的排放量正在逐渐减少,相反生活废水的排放量与日俱增,到20世纪九十年代中期,生活及其他领域的废水年排放量超过工业废水的年排放量,成为上海市废水的主要来源。文章结合同期上海市工业总产值、户籍人口以及人民生活水平等变化情况,探讨了工业废水排放减少、生活废水排放增加的主要影响因素,并以此为依据探寻未来上海市进一步减少城市废水排放的对策。     

山东沿海不同工业废水源中微塑料的赋存特征

微塑料(MPs)作为一种普遍存在的新污染物受到广泛关注,工业来源被认为是受纳河流和邻近海域中微塑料的重要来源,但是关于工业来源废水中的微塑料污染情况并不明确。本文系统研究了山东沿海5个行业代表性企业进水和出水中微塑料的赋存特征,结果表明,工业废水源内部污水处理系统对微塑料的去除效率较低,平均去除率仅为59.86%,沿海工业废水是近海环境中微塑料污染的潜在重要来源。不同类型工业中纺织印染业的进、出水微塑料含量最大,平均丰度分别为84.8个/L和19.6个/L,纸塑制造厂、化工厂和船舶工业的污水中微塑料丰度相近,进水中微塑料丰度在32.0~37.2个/L之间,出水中微塑料丰度在10.8~14.6个/L之间,金矿厂的进水中微塑料丰度最低,为23.9个/L,出水微塑料丰度为17.6个/L。不同工业源进水中微塑料在形状和成分上相似,在尺寸和颜色上存在行业差异,纤维(占比范围61.46%~84.48%)是主要形状,聚乙烯(PE)(53.48%~76.19%)是主要成分。工业源出水中微塑料主要形状为纤维(61.46%~91.06%),主要颜色为蓝色(41.67%~58.22%),主要成分为PE (16.22%~67.83%),出水中微塑料尺寸存在行业差异,≤300 μm的微塑料平均占比最高,为28.67%,占比范围为23.96%~35.19%。工业出水中微塑料特征与海洋中微塑料特征高度契合,再次证明了工业污水对海洋微塑料污染的重要贡献。本研究通过揭示典型海湾周边代表性行业的工业污水中微塑料浓度与特征,为海洋微塑料的源汇特征、迁移与防控研究提供科学依据。     

包钢稀士工业废水有望变农肥

目前,我国最大的稀土企业——内蒙古包钢稀土高科技股份有限公司正在与包头天伦环保产业有限公司展开合作,双方致力于将稀土化合物加工过程中产生高浓度的氯化铵废水转化为农用肥料,力争为我国稀土工业废水综合利用、变废为宝走出—条新路。 这是记者在近日召开的稀土铵盐废水处理与综合利用项目研讨会获悉的。 我国稀土企业大部分采用碳酸氢...     

Sources and flows of embodied CO2 emissions in import and export trade of China

This paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project(version 7)database to calculate embodied CO2emissions in bilateral trade between China and other countries(regions)based on input-output methods.The sources and flows of embodied CO2emissions in import and export trade of China are analyzed.Results show that the flows of embodied CO2emissions in export trade are highly concentrated.The main flows to the United States(US)and Japan account for 1/4 and 1/7 of the total CO2emissions in export trade,respectively.Concentrated flows of total exports and small differences in export structure are the main reasons for the highly concentrated export trade.The sources of embodied CO2emissions in import trade have relatively low concentration.Taiwan Province of China,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,US,Russia,Republic of Korea,and Japan account for around 7.72%–12.67%of the total embodied CO2emissions in import trade.The relative dispersion of import sources,the impact of the import structure,and the level of production technology in importing countries caused low concentration of CO2emissions in import trade.Overall,the embodied CO2emissions in the export trade of China are higher than those in import trade.As a result,production-based CO2emissions are higher than consumption-based CO2emissions.The difference of 8.96×108t of CO2,which comes mainly from the US,Japan,Germany,and the United Kingdom,accounts for 58.70%of the total difference.Some suggestions,such as improving energy efficiency,alerting high carbon-intensive industries transfer,expanding the market for sharing risks,and prompting the accounting system of consumption-based CO2emissions,are proposed based on the results.     

Sensitivity of Climate Changes to CO_2 Emissions in China

In this study, the authors demonstrate that the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） models project a robust response in changes of mean and climate extremes to warming in China. Under a scenario of a 1% CO2 increase per year, surface temperature in China is projected to increase more rapidly than the global average, and the model ensemble projects more precipitation （2.2%/℃）. Responses in changes of climate extremes are generally much stronger than that of climate means. The majority of models project a consistent re- sponse, with more warm events but fewer cold events in China due to CO2 warming. For example, the ensemble mean indicates a high positive sensitivity for increasing summer days （12.4%/℃） and tropical nights （26.0%/℃）, but a negative sensitivity for decreasing frost days （-4.7%/℃） and ice days （-7.0%/℃）. Further analyses indicate that precipitation in China is likely to become more extreme, featuring a high positive sensitivity. The sensitivity is high （2.4%/℃） for heavy precipitation days （〉 10 mm d l） and increases dramatically （5.3%/℃） for very heavy precipitation days （〉 20 mm d-1）, as well as for precipitation amounts on very wet days （10.8%/℃） and extremely wet days （22.0%/℃）. Thus, it is concluded that the more extreme precipitation events generally show higher sensitivity to CO2 warming. Additionally, southern China is projected to experience an increased risk of drought and flood occurrence, while an increased risk of flood but a decreased risk of drought is likely in other regions of China.     

今年全球碳排放达356亿吨

正全球气候变化研究领域最具权威的学术机构英国丁铎尔气候变化研究中心,北京时间3日凌晨在《自然》杂志《自然气候变化》专刊在线发表科研报告《维持全球升温低于2℃的挑战》。该报告公布了丁铎尔中心"全球碳计划"年度研究成果和最新研究数据,报告显示,全球二氧化碳排放在2012年进一步增加,达到创纪录的356亿吨,全球化石燃料燃烧排放比京都议定书设定的基线年1990年增加了58%。