大洋橄榄岩岩石学和地球化学研究的前沿信息

大洋橄榄岩和洋中脊玄武岩是地幔熔融和熔体萃取过程中的互补产物 ,地幔熔融和熔体萃取过程形成洋壳 ,因此大洋橄榄岩和洋中脊玄武岩的研究可提供这一过程的独立信息。通过大洋橄榄岩和洋中脊玄武岩的岩石学与地球化学研究 ,特别是痕量元素在熔融和熔体演化过程中地球化学行为的研究 ,对定量描述洋中脊下地幔熔融动力学和认识化学地球动力学模式是十分重要的。目前 ,大洋橄榄岩的研究 ,已成为岩石学研究的前沿领域之一。     

山东荣成马草夼橄榄岩矿物地球化学研究

马草夼橄榄岩位于苏鲁超高压变质带山东荣成腾家集附近,其原岩为残余地幔方辉橄榄岩,经历了超高压变质作用和后期麻粒岩-角闪岩相变质作用.对马草夼橄榄岩及侵入于其中的辉石岩脉和角闪岩脉的主要矿物橄榄石、斜方辉石和角闪石做了单矿物微量元素和稀土元素地球化学分析,结果表明Co和Ni在橄榄石中含量最高且富集,在斜方辉石和角闪石中含量低且亏损.由于橄榄石在全岩中含量高达90%以上,因而全岩Co、Ni富集.虽然角闪石在全岩中体积含量仅占3%～8%,但斜方辉石和橄榄石的微量和稀土元素含量远远低于角闪石,故全岩的微量(Co、Ni除外)和稀土元素化学特征受控于角闪石.斜方辉石、橄榄石与角闪石的微量和稀土元素分布特征基本相同,辉石岩脉和角闪岩脉中的角闪石比地幔橄榄岩中的角闪石更富集微量和稀土元素.微量和稀土元素地球化学特征显示马草夼橄榄岩至少受到了含Co、Ni的流体,富含LREE、Ba、Sr、Ta的硅酸盐流体和少量低Th、U的碳酸盐地幔流体的多次交代,流体交代发生于超高压变质后期浅部地幔驻留期间.马草夼橄榄岩所处的氧逸度(相对于FMQ)为+1.0～+2.0,落入正常大陆地幔的范围,在折返过程中未受到壳源流体的影响,保持了地幔氧同位素特征.     

新疆萨尔托海铬铁矿造矿铬尖晶石蚀变特征及指示意义

本文通过对萨尔托海矿区25矿群矿体边部、接近围岩造矿铬尖晶石的镜下观察发现:造矿铬尖晶石由三部分组成,自核部至边部依次是未蚀变的核部(灰色)、早期蚀变的中间带(灰白色)和晚期蚀变的边部(浅灰色).探针分析上述三部分的成分,得出早期蚀变中Al大量流失,而Fe发生富集,晚期蚀变Al、Cr、Mg相对于早期蚀变发生富集,而Fe大量流失.通过研究区造矿铬尖晶石与国外变质超基性岩副矿物铬尖晶石对比,认为早期蚀变对应的低角闪岩相变质,温度为550℃~600℃,晚期蚀变对应的是绿片岩相变质,温度为350℃~500℃,核部对应蚀变环境介于低角闪岩相和高角闪岩相之间,稳定温度高于600℃,故未发生蚀变.通过分析区域变质特征并结合造矿铬尖晶石所处的空间部位,认为晚期蚀变是达拉布特蛇绿岩定位后期区域构造作用的结果,推测早期蚀变可能与蛇绿岩构造侵位有关.     

^29Si,^27Al Magic—Angle—Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance（MAS NMR） Studies of Kaolinite and Its Thermal Transformation Products

²⁷Al,²⁹Si MAS NMR studies of kaolinite and its thermal transformation products show that in the kaolinite-mullite reaction series there is an extensive segregation of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ and the reaction of Al₂O₃ with SiO₂ to form mullite is the main path of mullite formation. At about 850° C, the peak intensity of A1(V) reaches its maximum and with the further rise of temperature the A1(V) signal completely disappears. At about 950°C, γ-Al₂O₃ accounts for about 71% of the material phases containing Al atoms. In the series there is no obvious presence of Al-Si spinel. The²⁷Al and²⁹Si MAS NMR spectra show that there is an obvious difference between the temperature points for Al-O₂(OH)₄ octahedral sheet collapsing and Si-O₄ tetrahedral sheet breaking down.     

二辉橄榄岩中辉石的"水"的测定

本文中作者采用红外光谱方法对雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带拉昂错超基性岩体二辉橄榄岩中的单斜辉石进行了测试研究。结果表明 ,雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带拉昂错岩体二辉橄榄岩中的单斜辉石为透辉石 ;该透辉石中含有一定量的结构水 ;并且 ,其高频带相关的结构OH含量是 1 4 6× 1 0 -6。透辉石成分的这种特殊性 (含有结构OH)恰恰是其特殊的高温高压的幔源生成环境的反映。     

吉林辉南“反应”成因方辉橄榄岩包体及其深部动力学意义

同正常的残余方辉橄榄岩相比,辉南方辉橄榄岩具有异常高的HREE组成和特殊的二次重结晶结构,因此,它们不是上地幔经大程度部分熔融后的残余,而是熔体－岩石反应的结果。倒U型REE分配模式暗示这些样品经历了与玄武质熔体相互作用的历史,并达到了平衡,大量熔（流）体的存在有利于地幔岩石矿物颗粒的增长,从而形成特征的二次重结晶结构。这种“反应”型方辉橄榄岩的形成可能与上涌软流图对岩石圈地幔的热－化学浸蚀有关。“反应型”方辉橄榄岩形成之后,又受到了类似于碳酸岩或富挥发份小体积熔体的交代,因此辉南地区上地幔经历了多期地幔交代作用。     

陆下和洋底脊橄榄岩单斜辉石中的Na.Al^IV和Al^VI：地幔中不同熔融…

把从大西洋洋中脊采集的无斜长石的尖晶石二辉橄缆岩和方辉橄缆岩中的单斜辉石的Ｎａ－Ａｌ＾ＩＶ和Ａｌ＾ＶＩ浓度与陆下和前大洋的无斜长石的尖晶石橄榄岩的数据进行了比较。单斜辉石的Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量在洋底橄缆岩组和陆下橄缆岩组中的同一范围内发生变化，从高铝至贫铝。然而，洋底橄缆岩中单斜辉石的Ｎａ含量（０．０２￣０．６ｗｔ％Ｎａ２Ｏ）和Ａｌ＾ＶＩ／Ａｌ＾ＩＶ比值（０．３￣１）都低于陆下橄缆岩单斜辉石的Ｎａ含量（     

祁连造山带玉石沟地幔橄榄岩中挥发分的流体化学和稳定同位素组成及古大洋岩石圈演化意义

Fluid inclusions in olivine and orthopyroxene of mantle peridotites from the Yushigou ophiolite can be divided into three types based on decrepitation temperature,shape and distribution.Type-1 fluid inclusions are characterized by oval or negative crystal shapes and small size(<5μm across).They occur in the cores and mantles of the host crystals,and decrepitated at>840℃.Type- 2 fluid inclusions have irregular or tabular shapes with relatively large size(10～100μm in length).They occur in irregular or circular healed micro-fractures in the host crystals,and decrepitated at 612～710℃.Type-3 fluid inclusions have size and shape,similar to type-2 fluid inclusions but occur in micro-fractures restricted to the margins of the host crystals,and decrepitated at much lower temperature from 190℃to 340℃.The three different types of fluid inclusions are interpreted to represent primary,metasomatic (pseudo-secondary)and secondary inclusions,respectively.Stepwise heating reveals three concentration peaks of volatiles at 200～400℃,400～800℃and 800～1200℃released from olivine and orthopyroxene in harzburgite and dunite from the Yushigou ophiolite, which are considered to correspond to the decrepitation of secondary,metasomatic and primary fluid inclusions at similar temperature ranges.CO2 is a major constituent in the volatiles released at three different temperature intervals.Trace amounts of H_2 and N_2 are present in the volatiles released at<800℃and trace amounts of H_2O and SO_2 are mainly present in the volatiles at 400～800℃.TheδD(-95.2‰,-306.3‰)of H_2O and theδ~(13)C(-15.5～-12.5‰)andδ~(18)O values(1.4～1.9‰)of CO_2 released at<800℃are lower than normal mantle values and suggest the mixing origin of crustal fluids( sedimentary organic)with ocean water,implying that Yushigou AOLM had undergone an intensive metasomatism by a fluid composed of CO_2.H_2O and SO_2,and followed by degassing. In contrast,the volatiles released at 800～1200℃are characterized by trace amounts of H_2 and CO in dunite and SO_2 in harzburgite, much lighterδ~(13)C(-29.1‰～-19.5‰),heavierδ~(13)O(8.8‰)of CO_2 and positive relationship between these isotopic ratios and the concentration of CO_2.Such features can be best explained by mixing of significant terrestrial crustal(organic)and minor mantle volatiles.We proposed that the Yishigou peridotites are more likely to have derived from a continental lithosphere instead of an oceanic lithosphere comprising the Yishigou gabbros and pillowed basalts.A supra-subduction tectonic setting is thus inferred for the Yushigou ophiolite.     

中国岩体型石榴石橄榄岩研究

论述了中国岩体型石榴石橄榄岩的空间分布、岩石类型、岩石化学特征,形成机制及其构造意义。提出这类岩石形成于三叠纪早期扬子陆块与华北陆块的碰撞造山事件。     

中国东部地幔矿物中富硅、碱熔融包裹体：对岩石圈演化的启示

中国东部华北、东北和东南沿海几个地区的新生代玄武岩的尖晶石相和石榴石相橄榄岩捕虏体矿物中熔融包裹体研究表明, 玻璃化学成分为富硅(SiO₂=60%~68%)、碱(K₂O+Na₂O= 5%~11%), 特别是富钾(K₂O>Na₂O), 以及H₂O和CO₂等挥发分(2%~7%)的中酸性硅酸盐, 属于高钾钙碱性系列的英安岩和安山岩, 少量属于橄榄安粗岩系列. 熔融包裹体中高Al和Ca透辉石子矿物是熔体在高温高压下结晶的产物, 而非脱玻化重结晶的产物. 研究指出, 这种富钾(一般K₂O>3%)中酸性硅酸盐更具大陆特点, 与主矿物和寄主玄武岩均无成因关系, 是被捕获的中生代岩石圈壳-幔相互作用之熔体, 同时暗示中新生代时期中国东部大陆岩石圈地幔可能经历了破碎和更新的过程. 这无疑给中国东部大陆岩石圈演化过程提供重要启示, 同时指出富硅、碱熔体应对中国东部地幔化学非均一性负责.