2003年12月26日伊朗巴姆地震

2003年12月26日，当地时间凌晨5点27分，在伊朗东南部克尔曼省巴姆地区发生强烈地震，引起震区大量人员伤亡。2003年12月27日中国国际救援队及随行记者一行43人，于北京时间下午3点20分从北京国际机场乘专机赴伊朗南部巴姆地震灾区执     

地下厂房洞室群岩爆趋势综合预测方法

以拉西瓦水电站地下厂房洞室群原设计方案为例，基于其赋存地质条件调研结果和岩爆产生基本条件，对岩爆趋势进行宏观预测；并结合研究区其他高地应力现象，建立了岩爆预测类比判据。进而基于厂房开挖后二次应力场数值计算结果，以所建判据圈定了岩爆可能发生部位及强烈程度。结果表明，将宏观判据与类比判据结合的岩爆综合预测方法，考虑因素全面，也尊重了研究区实际情况，因而合理可行。     

宏观各向异性多孔介质中流体变形及溶质运移

为深入探究含水层中多孔介质的不规则形态和分布对于地下水流场及溶质运移的作用,根据沉积环境中已被发现的倾斜交叉分层地质单元结构,人为构造多孔介质双层交叉鱼骨结构,使其形成宏观各向异性水力传导特征,通过数值模拟研究该结构及其空间位置对于流场和溶质运移的影响。研究发现:宏观各向异性多孔介质引发了螺旋状流动,导致流线的拉伸和折叠,使得溶质羽发生不规则变形,显著提升了非反应性溶质的稀释程度;宏观各向异性结构和溶质羽在三维空间中的垂向相对位置对于溶质运移具有显著影响。     

宏观和微观结合的教学反思

教学反思就是教师自觉地把自己的课堂教学实践,作为认识对象而进行全面而深入的冷静思考和总结,从而进入更优化的教学状态,使学生得到更充分的发展。专家讲：一个教师的成长=经验＋反思;一个人即使工作20年,如果没有反思,也只是一年经验的20次重复。教学反思是提高教师教学能力和水平的基础,是学生学习轻快活泼的有力保障。     

桂林-阳朔地区DEM地形特征与岩性相关性分析及分类研究

地形地貌是岩性解译的重要信息,地形因子作为描述DEM数字曲面几何特征的定量指标参数,可用来定量化表达不同岩性所在地区地形地貌特征。本文以桂林-阳朔地区为研究区,研究地形因子数学、地质意义,建立岩性与地形因子组合间的定量关联,进而实现岩石类型划分。本文基于ASTERGDEM提取坡度、起伏度等12个地形因子,在分析各个地形因子地质意义基础上,通过聚类分析及方差分析的多元统计分析方法,研究各岩性地形因子特性及其关联性,建立研究区岩性之间的定量差异;此外,利用因子分析方法研究岩性分类过程中的主导因素,确定适宜岩性分类方法以实现定量化岩性分类。实验结果表明：不同岩性、不同地形地貌的地形因子（组合）之间具有显著差异,基于因子分析得到的宏观地形复杂度指数（MTI）以及微观曲率指数（MCI）对岩石类型的分类精度达77.36%。研究表明,地形复杂度等地形因子可用于岩性分类,采用因子分析方法可获取反映地形地貌宏观、微观特征的定量指标,且岩性分类效果良好。     

Methodology for the diagnostics of soil polygenesis on the basis of macro- and micromorphological studies

A methodology for studying soil polygenesis and lithological homogeneity of soil profiles is suggested. This methodology is particularly important for mountain soils, where the lithological heterogeneity of the soil profiles created by denudation and accumulation processes is often observed. The methodology includes several stages： （a） the study of the lithological homogeneity/ heterogeneity of soil profiles by field and laboratory methods, （b） the stage-by-stage macro-, meso-, micro-, and submicromorphological analyses of soil profiles with additional use of the methods of neighboring sciences, and （e） the subdivision of soil features into the groups of recent and inherited （relict） features. In the latter group, the subgroups of lithorelict features inherited from the parent material and pedorelict features inherited from the previous stages of soil formation can be distinguished. Two major models of soil polygenesis are suggested. Simple models describe the soils, in which new features appear due to the changes in the environmental conditions in the course of soil evolution. Complex models describe the soils, in which such changes are combined with deposition of new portions of sediments onto the soil surface with the development of buried soil horizons （the synlithogenie pedogenesis）. The models of continuous and discontinuous synlithogenic pedogenesis can be further distinguished. It is argued that the micromorphological method applied to the studies on soil mierofabrics, microforms of soil humus, soil porosity, coatings, and various pedo- and lithorelict features yields valuable information on polygenetic soils.     

Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.     

水网区区域水位模型及其应用

水网区在宏观尺度上可被视为一种连续介质,可用水在多孔介质中的运动来比拟水网中水的运动.在这种概化条件下,推求出水网区水体运动的表述方法.利用这一方法建立的太湖水网区区域水位模型,与实际情况相比,获得了较好的效果.     

北京西山宏观藻类化石的发现

1980年,作者于北京西山青白口系的命名地点——青白口村西,发现了宏观藻类化石。这些化石呈椭圆形、卵形、肾形及鞋底形等多种形态,有的带有拟茎构造。它们与广泛出现在我国东部前寒武系相当地层中的宏观藻类可以对比。