用新技术新思路整治渤海

渤海是我国的内海,由于其独特的地理环境特点及渤海沿岸地区经济社会的快速发展导致的污染排放和生态破坏,渤海已成为我国污染最为严重的海区之一。“十五”期间虽然各级部门为渤海环境治理做出了大量努力,但渤海环境状况仍在进一步恶化。如污染总面积虽无明显的增大趋势,但近岸海域的污染程度显著加重;从赤潮发生情况来看,虽然近年来赤潮年发生次数在逐渐减少,但赤潮面积总体上呈增大趋势,而且有毒藻类引发的赤潮次数和面积大幅增加;从渤海的主要富营养化物质变化来看,近年来渤海近岸海域其浓度呈加速增大趋势;从污染源变化来看,海上污染源的增速明显高于陆源。     

浅谈深海抗风浪网箱养鱼业

1发展深海抗风浪网箱养鱼业的意义随着生活水平的不断提高,人们对水产品的需求量不断增加。由于海洋自然鱼类资源日趋衰退,所以水产养殖业在全国沿海得到了迅猛发展,致使中国的近海内湾海域已处于高度的饱和状态,不少内湾海域已破坏了生态平衡,导致病害频发,产量下滑,效益降低,严重制约了中国海水养殖业的健康可持续发展。但是湾外广阔的深海水域资源受环境和技术条件的限制,长期处于荒废闲置状态。     

Methodology for the diagnostics of soil polygenesis on the basis of macro- and micromorphological studies

A methodology for studying soil polygenesis and lithological homogeneity of soil profiles is suggested. This methodology is particularly important for mountain soils, where the lithological heterogeneity of the soil profiles created by denudation and accumulation processes is often observed. The methodology includes several stages： （a） the study of the lithological homogeneity/ heterogeneity of soil profiles by field and laboratory methods, （b） the stage-by-stage macro-, meso-, micro-, and submicromorphological analyses of soil profiles with additional use of the methods of neighboring sciences, and （e） the subdivision of soil features into the groups of recent and inherited （relict） features. In the latter group, the subgroups of lithorelict features inherited from the parent material and pedorelict features inherited from the previous stages of soil formation can be distinguished. Two major models of soil polygenesis are suggested. Simple models describe the soils, in which new features appear due to the changes in the environmental conditions in the course of soil evolution. Complex models describe the soils, in which such changes are combined with deposition of new portions of sediments onto the soil surface with the development of buried soil horizons （the synlithogenie pedogenesis）. The models of continuous and discontinuous synlithogenic pedogenesis can be further distinguished. It is argued that the micromorphological method applied to the studies on soil mierofabrics, microforms of soil humus, soil porosity, coatings, and various pedo- and lithorelict features yields valuable information on polygenetic soils.     

新型深水系缆非线性动力特性研究进展

随着海洋油气资源开采逐渐向深海发展,新型绷紧式系泊系统正替代传统悬链式系泊系统广泛应用于深水平台的系泊中.作为一种采用合成纤维材料系缆的新型系泊系统,系缆复杂的力学特性是其工程应用需要首先认识并解决的关键技术问题.介绍了在复杂海洋环境条件下合成纤维系缆的非线性动力特性,包括动刚度、绷紧-松弛、蠕变、应力松弛以及疲劳破坏等特性,总结和评述了针对这些特性开展的国内外相关研究,也对今后需要继续深化的研究进行了展望,以期为国内在此方向开展的数值模拟和实验研究提供重要参考.     

非法采矿为何屡禁不止

矿产资源是当今社会发展的重要物质保障,然而在巨大利润的诱惑下,非法采矿、破坏性开采却屡禁不止,由此伴生的环境污染、资源破坏、安全事故等现象频频发生。为此笔者做了大量调查,了解到形成此类问题的原因是多方面的,但《刑法》滞后是非法采矿现象屡禁不止的重要原因之一。     

Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.     

让青山不再有伤痕——天台县积极治理矿山生态环境

“这里是天台山最美的山体,这里是每一位慕名而来者必经之处。但在,就在每一位爱山者的眼皮底下,美丽的山体已遭到无情的破坏。”——2004年7月,天台县国土资源局在“天台效能网”（一个受理群众网上诉求的县政府网站）上收到了“猪自清”、“秦汉人家”两位网友的投诉意见,字里行间,透露出一位爱山人的拳拳之情和殷殷期盼。     

关于"耕地破坏程度鉴定"问题的探索

近年来,各地在查处非法占用农用地涉罪案件时,司法机关一般均要求对耕地破坏程度进行鉴定,确定是否够得上造成“耕地大量毁坏”。该鉴定一般要求农业或国土部门作出,但由于没有“鉴定标准”,且不属于专业知识范畴的内容,农业、国土部门往往不能作出鉴定。故这类案件因此不能成案,致使犯罪分子逃脱了法律的制裁,造成了非常坏的社会影响。     

平度市完善矿业权市场促进矿业经济良性发展

在国家宏观调控的大环境下,当前,整个国民经济进入了一个高速发展的时期,原材料及能源的需求急速增加,促使社会资金大量流入采矿业,促进了采矿及相关产业的迅猛发展。矿业经济高速发展的同时,逐渐暴露并引发了一些新的问题,如：矿业秩序的混乱,采矿规模过小,生产工艺落后,生态环境破坏,矿山后备储量不足等等。     

安徽霍山XXX某铁矿地质环境评估分区与治理研究

对矿山设施及矿山影响范围内地质环境现状采用RTK测量,运用GIS（地理信息系统数据库）和多媒体技术进行现场调查研判,查清矿山废水、废石、尾矿砂的存放排放现状,危害程度等情况,矿山地质环境评估区地质灾害的发育特征。结果表明：矿山地质环境区依据影响和危害程度划分为三个区：严重区、较严重区和一般区;给出环境分级评定级别为作用小,露采环境地质影响程度为简单型,环境治理级别确立为三级,并结合不同分区实施不同综合治理方法,从而为矿山地质环境保护与综合治理方案确立提供依据和借鉴。