应用激光扫描法对国家体育馆大跨度钢屋架滑移过程变形监测与分析

针对国家体育馆大跨度钢屋架大跨度特点,采用三维激光扫描法对其滑移过程中在不同位置的三维坐标进行监测,利用测量数据对监测点的位移量进行计算,通过统计图表的方法,对钢屋架滑移过程的变形进行了分析,从分析结果可知,利用三维激光扫描法对大跨度钢屋架滑移过程变形的监测是行之有效的。     

近断层地震动对上承式拱桥动力响应的影响

为了揭示近断层地震作用下上承式钢筋混凝土拱桥的动力响应特点,以西南山区某上承式拱桥为背景,用OpenSEES平台建立了全桥非线性动力分析模型,探讨了近断层地震动的输入方式、脉冲效应和竖向地震动等三个关键因素对桥梁动力响应的影响规律。研究结果表明:地震输入方式对拱圈地震响应的影响较小,但对拱上立柱地震响应的影响很大,尤其是拱顶附近的短立柱,在抗震分析中,建议偏安全地采用三向地震输入方式;脉冲效应对拱桥地震响应的影响非常大,会导致拱圈、拱上立柱和桥面板地震响应大幅增加,桥面板残余平面转角甚至增大6倍以上;竖向地震动对拱圈轴力和面内弯矩、拱上立柱纵向弯矩和剪力的影响很大,拱顶处的面内弯矩放大倍数最大可达2.95,总体来说,采用规范所建议的方法考虑竖向地震是偏保守的。     

松软煤层复合顶板条件下大跨度切眼支护技术研究

为了研究松软煤层复合顶板条件下大跨度切眼支护技术难题,采用数值模拟、理论分析、现场监测方法,分析了切眼巷道变形、位移、破坏特征,确定了围岩类别和支护参数,提出了左旋螺纹钢锚杆+金属网+金属梁+锚索的联合支护技术。研究表明:无支护条件下切眼巷道围岩出现"蝶形"破坏,顶板和两帮是支护的关键部位,支护后切眼巷道顶板和两帮位移大幅度减小,顶板应力释放区垂直应力明显减小,两帮应力集中区垂直应力增加,巷道顶、底角剪应力集中区范围减小。现场监测结果显示支护满足安全生产要求,为类似地质条件巷道支护提供借鉴。      

Three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing and its application in long span hangars

Based on the seismic response characteristics of space frame structures,a new type of seismic isolation bearing defined as a three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing(3DSIB) is developed in this paper.The bearing offers excellent properties such as multi-dimensional seismic isolation,reasonable rotation capability,good ability to resist lifting load,uncoupled stiffness in horizontal and vertical directions,etc.In the 3DSIB,the horizontal dimension is designed by combining the Teflon sliding device and helical spring,while the vertical dimension is developed by introducing disk springs or helical springs.The mathematical model of the 3DSIB was established and its performance with the critical parameters was tested on a shaking table.Furthermore,the 3DSIB was applied in a 120 m span hangar structure and simulated using SAP2000 software to evaluate its performance in practical structures.The performance of the structures with and without 3DSIB was compared.It is shown that the hangar structure with 3D bearings achieves a better performance.The axial force and acceleration response of the structures with 3DSIB are effectively reduced,while the displacement response of the bearing is within the predetermined range.     

Research on controlling long-term performance by tensioning post tendon of long-span continuous rigid-frame bridges

The problems like cracking of the girder in the mid-span and the ever-increasing vertical deflection appear during the long term usage of the long-span continuous rigid-flame bridge. Post-tension tendon with re- served duct can increase the pre-stress of the main beam effectively, and decrease the long term span deflection in order to improve the performance of the girder. At the same time, the proper tension position is very crucial to optimise the stress distribution of the bridge and control the deflection increase. Combining with practical en- gineering, the authors analyze the influence of different positions of post-tension tendon （ including top-, web- and bottom plate tendons） on the stress and deflection of the main beam, and find out the optimal position of post tendon.     

考虑轨道约束的连续梁拱桥地震反应及减震控制研究

以一座大跨度单线铁路连续梁拱桥为背景,建立了考虑轨道约束和相邻构件碰撞效应的动力分析模型;通过输入40组水平双向地震动记录进行非线性时程分析,探究轨道约束和拱肋对桥梁地震响应的影响,采用"减震榫-拉索限位器"与"自恢复耗能支撑(SCEDB)-屈曲约束支撑(BRB)"控制水平向地震反应,并对比两种组合减震控制系统的减震效...     

紫下大桥安全检测与评价方法研究

钢桥因具有跨径大、承载能力强、施工工期短等特点,被世界各国广泛采用,但在使用过程中,由于重载甚至超载车辆的反复作用、自然灾害的侵袭及交通事故等人为因素的作用,经常造成桥梁损伤和局部破坏,导致桥梁承载能力和耐久性的降低,甚至影响到运营的安全。本文建立了钢拱桥的健康检测和安全评价方法,采用防腐涂层厚度测定、结合强度测定、无损探伤和动静载荷试验等手段对紫下大桥健康状况进行了检测,采用不确定层次分析法对大桥进行了安全评价,提出了处理意见和措施,为既有钢拱桥的健康检测、评价和维护积累了有益的资料。     

非一致场地大跨度斜拉桥的地震响应分析

大跨度斜拉桥支承处的地质条件较复杂,地震波的传播特性不同,一致激励分析方法不符合实际情况。本文以主跨为680m的某大跨度斜拉桥为例,建立数值有限元模型,分析了一维及三维随机地震动激励下,同时考虑局部场地效应的地震响应规律,并将二者的数据作了对比分析。结果表明:与同为硬场地条件下相比,同为软场地条件时,纵向地震动激励下,主梁纵向位移增大了217%,横向地震动激励下,主梁的横向位移增大了89%,三维地震动激励下,主梁的纵向位移和横向位移分别增大了218%和92%;三维地震动激励下较一维地震动激励下结构响应大,因此,大跨度斜拉桥抗震研究应充分考虑地震动的多维性与局部场地效应的影响。     

大跨径拱桥被动减震控制的仿真分析

本文采用现代控制理论对设有耗能减震装置的拱桥结构进行被动减震控制仿真分析,给出了大跨度拱桥在多点激励下的运动微分方程,将拱桥简化成平面杆系模型,给出减震结构的状态方程,然后基于SIMULINK环境下对设有粘滞阻尼器的拱桥减震结构进行动态仿真分析,并考虑了行波效应对减震效果的影响。该方法较之传统的分析方法更简便、有效,分析结果表明设置了耗能器的拱桥结构地震反应有明显的降低。