考虑起始坡降双层地基的大应变非线性固结

天然软土成层分布特性及土中渗流存在起始水力坡降的现象已被人们熟知。但变荷载下能同时考虑黏土中起始水力坡降、软土非线性压缩渗透特性及大应变特性的双层地基固结理论还鲜见报道。在拉格朗日坐标系中建立以超静孔压为变量的双层软土地基大应变非线性固结模型并给出其有限差分解。通过与考虑起始水力坡降的单层地基大应变非线性固结数值计算结果对比,验证了差分解的可靠性。着重分析了上、下土层起始坡降无量纲参数R1、R2对双层地基固结性状的影响,分析在大应变与小应变假定下双层地基超静孔压消散及固结沉降变形的异同。结果表明：上层土无量纲参数R1对双层地基固结性状的影响程度较下层土无量纲参数R2显著;大应变假定下双层地基渗流前锋的下移速度要快于小应变假定下的移动速度;大应变假定下考虑起始水力坡降的双层软土地基超静孔压消散速率要比小应变假定下快,且大应变假定下考虑起始水力坡降的双层地基最终沉降量要比小应变假定下大。     

大直径超长灌注桩水平承载性能的参数敏感性

大直径超长灌注桩是高规格建（构）筑物桩基工程的发展趋势,但有关其水平承载性能的研究还较少。依托江苏靖江文化中心大直径超长灌注桩建设项目,通过现场试桩试验获得了桩身水平受力及承载变形特征。采用孔压静力触探（CPTU）测试p-y曲线法构建了大直径超长灌注桩水平承载数值计算模型,在与现场试桩结果比对验证之后,进一步研究了桩径尺寸效应、桩顶嵌固形式、桩身倾角、竖向载荷对大直径超长灌注桩的影响规律。最后通过计算各影响因素的参数敏感度,实现了对大直径超长灌注桩水平承载性能参数敏感性的客观定量评价。研究结果表明：原位测试CPTU可以很好地应用于大直径超长灌注桩的水平承载分析,大直径超长灌注桩参数敏感度由大到小依次为：桩顶嵌固形式、尺寸效应、竖向荷载、桩身倾角。     

一种基于有限元的岩石圈长期变形数值计算方法

有限单元法以其灵活性和精确性,成为固体地球科学中广为使用的数值方法。从短周期的地震活动到长周期的岩石圈变形、地幔对流,甚至行星演化,有限单元法几乎在固体地球科学的各个领域都占据着十分重要的位置。随着研究的深入,某些特定的地学问题给有限元计算带来挑战,尤其是岩石圈尺度大变形的数值计算,比如俯冲带的演化、剪切带中塑性流变导致的应力集中。基于显式有限元,尝试考虑粘弹塑性岩石圈大变形过程的数值计算。应用Marker-In-Cell（MIC）方法处理物质迁移。在描述基本原理和流程的基础上,对粘弹性变形、弹塑性变形、大变形过程及热传递过程等核心模块分别做了基准测试,而这四个模块是模拟岩石圈长期变形的关键。由测试结果和其他学者的（解析或数值）研究结果比对情况来看,受测试的核心模块基本达到了测试要求。可以预见,现有的基本算法可以满足研究岩石圈大变形的需要,进一步的具体研究工作将探讨这类问题。从科学问题层面讲,逐渐复杂的科学问题有利于数值模型的成熟。已达到基准测试的数值方法对下一步开展一些具体的地球动力学数值模拟研究有实际意义。      

基于稳定性同位素的普里兹湾南极大磷虾不同发育阶段食性转变分析

As one of the most common and dominant species in the Southern Ocean, Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)play a significant role in food web structure and the process of energy flow. The diet of Antarctic krill in the Prydz Bay during austral summer of 2012/2013 was investigated and the ontogenetic shift in krill diet was evaluated using the stable isotope method. The nitrogen stable isotope values(δ~(15) N) of adults((2.78±0.58)‰) were much higher than those of juveniles((1.69±0.70)‰), whereas the carbon stable isotope values(δ~(13) C) of adults(–(28.26±1.08)‰) were slightly lower than those of juveniles(–(27.48±1.35)‰). Particulate organic matter(POM)from 0, 25, and 50 m depth combined(0/25/50 m) represented phytoplankton food items. The results showed that phytoplankton food items in surface water and mesozooplankton were two essential food items for Antarctic krill in the Prydz Bay during summer. POM(0/25/50 m) contributes 56%–69% and 26%–34% to the diet of juvenile and adult krill, respectively, whereas mesozooplankton composes 13%–34% and 58%–71% of the diet of juvenile and adult krill, respectively. Thus, an ontogenetic diet shift from POM(0/25/50 m), which consists mainly of phytoplankton, to a higher trophic level diet containing mesozooplankton, was detected. The capacity for adults to consume more zooplankton food items may minimize their food competition with juveniles, which rely mostly on phytoplankton food items. This suggests "diet shift with ontogeny" which may somehow help krill keep their dietary energy budget balanced and well adapted to the Antarctic marine ecosystem as a dominant species.     

利用限制性最大似然方法和贝叶斯方法估计大菱鲆生长性状的遗传参数。

Bayesian and restricted maximum likelihood(REML) approaches were used to estimate the genetic parameters in a cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus stock. The data set consisted of harvest body weight from 2 462progenies(17 months old) from 28 families that were produced through artificial insemination using 39 parent fish. An animal model was applied to partition each weight value into a fixed effect, an additive genetic effect, and a residual effect. The average body weight of each family, which was measured at 110 days post-hatching, was considered as a covariate. For Bayesian analysis, heritability and breeding values were estimated using both the posterior mean and mode from the joint posterior conditional distribution. The results revealed that for additive genetic variance, the posterior mean estimate( δ_a~2=9 320) was highest but with the smallest residual variance,REML estimates( δ_a~2=8 088) came second and the posterior mode estimate( δ_a~2=7 849) was lowest. The corresponding three heritability estimates followed the same trend as additive genetic variance and they were all high. The Pearson correlations between each pair of the three estimates of breeding values were all high,particularly that between the posterior mean and REML estimates(0.996 9). These results reveal that the differences between Bayesian and REML methods in terms of estimation of heritability and breeding values were small. This study provides another feasible method of genetic parameter estimation in selective breeding programs of turbot.     

风向对航母甲板风影响的大涡模拟

采用低速气流运动控制方程组和湍流大涡模拟方法,研究了来风风向对航母甲板风的影响,得到了不同来风风向条件下,艏艉对称面附近、甲板上方低场及航母后方某点处压力和垂向速度随时间的变化关系。结果表明:航母有一定角度的侧向风对舰载机起飞有利,右舷风比左舷风有利;从有利于舰载机着舰角度看,右舷来风较左舷来风有利;从舰载机着舰下滑稳定性上看,来风风向角度越小越有利。     

海洋地质大数据信息服务体系建设CSCD

针对海洋地质信息服务体系建设面临的大数据应用问题,提出了遵循互联网公共协议和OData数据开放协议,利用互联网Web平台及Web开发技术,构建基于REST风格API的轻量级Web服务,以及研究Web交互式数据可视化技术的建议。期望借鉴规范、技术、应用相辅相成的互联网成功模式,通过以API为核心的应用生态链,逐步推动海洋地质信息资源的开放、共享和互操作。     

大数据时代的国家基础地质信息化建设

大数据是新一代信息技术的集中反映,是一个应用驱动性很强的服务领域,是具有无穷潜力的新兴产业领域.在大数据环境下的国家基础地质数据库的信息化建设应重视数据的信息服务价值,同时借鉴大数据思维,探索国家基础地质大数据挖掘与可视化技术,提升信息价值洞察力,实现数据价值的最大化。本文提出了基于元数据、数据库、数据仓库等技术的物理分布逻辑集中的国家基础地质数据库整合与集成技术方案.     

大规模空间数据处理模式和系统集成

随着地理信息需求推动下的空间数据采集能力的发展,空间数据的生产规模和数据量呈爆发式增长,直接带来了对大规模空间数据处理的需求。本文基于IT并行计算和大数据技术的发展成果,探讨了这些技术在大规模空间数据处理上的应用及相应的IT系统集成思路,提出了基于数据库的并行空间数据处理方法,并根据第一次全国地理国情普查项目需求作了深度验证和分析。     

陇东黄土高原下垫面不均匀性指标的建立及其对大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)观测感热通量的影响

目前定量研究下垫面不均匀性对大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)、涡动相关仪(ECS)观测感热通量差异的影响还比较少.本文利用黄土高原庆阳观测站2012年6、7月典型晴天两主风向范围E-SE和SW-W的陆面过程数据,在建立了下垫面不均匀性定量化指标的基础上,分析了下垫面不均匀性与地表温度变率的关系及其对LAS、ECS观测感热通量差异的影响.结果表明:庆阳站下垫面不均匀性大小η和地表温度变率г具有很好的相关性,相关系数达到0.566以上,证明了新建立指标的合理性.下垫面不均匀性大小η和LAS、ECS观测的感热通量差异HLAS-HECS具有很好的一致性,相关系数达到0.634.下垫面不均匀性对LAS和ECS的感热通量差异影响显著,下垫面越不均匀LAS和ECS测量的感热通量差异越大.对两主风向分别进行分析,在E-SE风向范围η和HLAS-HECS的相关系数为0.430,HLAS和HEC拟合的线性趋势系数为1.279,在SW-W风向范围η和HLAS-HECS的相关系数为0.680,HLAS和HEC拟合的线性趋势系数为1.297.下垫面不均匀性的影响程度越大,LAS和ECS观测的感热通量差异越大.