Effects of an artificial oyster shell reef on macrobenthic communities in Rongcheng Bay,East China

An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a （Chl a）, total organic matter （TOM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and total nitrogen （TN） content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses （ANOSIM） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.     

硇洲岛岩礁带大型海藻固碳潜能

【目的】研究大型海藻固碳及氮磷吸收潜能。【方法】分析硇洲岛岩礁带19种生物量大于50 g·m~(-2)自然生长的大型海藻固碳量、生产力和TOC,对比分析岩礁带和距岩礁带4 km处海域海水中无机氮和无机磷含量。【结果】褐藻门有3种,生物量、固碳量和生产力最大,分别为20 498 g·m~(-2),550 762 g·a~(-1),2 466 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1);其次是红藻门有11种,生物量、固碳量和生产力分别为17 547 g·m~(-2),138 194 g·a~(-1),1 872 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1);绿藻门有5种,生物量、固碳量和生产力分别为3 064 g·m~(-2),4 827 g·a~(-1),158 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。受人类活动影响最小的博贺兰岛礁区域海藻生物量、固碳量和生产力均为最大。19种海藻中12种海藻TOC超过30%,分别为衫叶蕨藻Caulerpa taxifolia (M.Vahl) C. Agardh、囊状法囊藻Valonia utricularis(Roth)C. Ag.[Conterva utricularis]、网球藻Dictyosphaeria cavernosa(Forssk.) Boerg、珊瑚藻Corallina sp.、拟鸡毛菜Pterocladiella capillacea (Gmelin)Santelices et Hommersand、紫杉状海门冬Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile)、茎刺藻Caulacanthus ustulatus (Mertens) Kütz、新角石藻Neogoniolithon sp.、叉节藻Amphiroa sp.、半叶马尾藻Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turn.) var. chinensis C. Ag.、囊藻Colpomenia sinuosa(Mert.exRoth)、羊栖菜Hizikiafusiforme(Harv.)Setch。岩礁带海水中的无机氮和无机磷含量分别在0.17～0.20mg·L~(-1)和0. 007～0. 018 mg·L~(-1)之间,距岩礁带断面4 km左右海域的4个相应站位IN和IP含量分别在0.18～0.22mg·L~(-1)和0.016～0.022mg·L~(-1)间,均略高于岩礁区相应站位。大型海藻的生物量与岩礁带无机氮和无机磷间Pearson相关系数分别为-0.248和-0.155。【结论】19种大型海藻在硇洲岛岩礁带海区生态环境下具有良好的生长适应性,固碳能力强,对氮磷具有吸收作用。     

裂片石莼营养价值的评价及其多糖制备的初步研究

对采自福建的野生裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)进行了分类学鉴定和营养价值评估;采用微波加热新方法,进一步研究了裂片石莼多糖提取工艺。研究结果表明,裂片石莼的总糖、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和总脂含量分别为34.38%、27.60%、25.20%、11.70%;其必需氨基酸含量为10.0%,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)=79.77;裂片石莼的重金属元素含量达到国家海藻制品的限量标准。研究结果还表明,通过正交实验优化微波加热提取工艺,与传统加热提取工艺相比,裂片石莼多糖的得率提高了21.35%,而耗能降低了58.51%。     

The relationship between soft-bottom macrobenthic communities and environmental variables off Ningjin, eastern Shandong Peninsula

Macrobenthic infauna and associated environmental factors influencing the benthic community in the eastern coastal region of Shandong Peninsula were analyzed in four seasonal surveys from January 2007 to October 2007 (30 stations in winter, 20 stations in other three seasons), in order to understand the community structure and the factors unfluencing the benthic distribution. PRIMER 6.0 and SPSS 15.0 software packages were adopted to analyze the environmental and macrobenthic data. The results show that there were 260 macrobenthic species in total collected from the research region. The composition of species is:Polychaeta (94 species), Crustacea (75), Mollusca (56) and Echinoderm (12), among which, only 23 species were common species in the cruises of every season. The dominant species varied from season to season; however, the polychaete species Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel and Echinoderm species Amphioplus japonicus (Matsumoto) were always present year-round. The abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos in the research region were variable from season to season. The results of CLUSTER and MDS analysis show that the similarities of macrobenthic structures between the stations were low; most of the similarities were at about 30% of similarity value, only two stations were up to 70%. In accordance with the similarity values of the macrobenthic structures, we divided the 20 stations into five groups by arbitrary similarity level of 30%. The ABC curve indicates that the marcofauna communities in the research region had not been disturbed massively, except two stations, SB1 and SB3. Ecologically, benthos were controlled by a combination of factors such as salinity, phytoplankton, zooplankton, SiO₃-Si and temperature, and no single factor could be considered as an ecological master factor.     

深切峡谷区公路桥梁段斜坡崩滑灾害风险评估

深切峡谷区边坡高陡,崩滑灾害风险防控对峡谷山区桥梁安全至关重要。针对峡谷山区桥梁斜坡崩滑灾害风险问题,给出了地质灾害易发程度分析、危险性分析、易损性评估、风险等级评定和防治可行性评价各阶段的判别指标和方法。依据边坡岩土体稳定性定量评价指标进行易发程度判别;针对不同运动特征灾害体,采用灾害体规模、运动速度及冲击能量等进行危险等级评定;通过结构力学分析评价构造物易损性,根据受损程度和灾害损失评定桥梁段斜坡崩滑灾害风险等级;根据防治工程实施难度和可靠性评价防治可行性。该方法应用于雅康高速公路泸定大渡河特大桥,根据评估结果选用了风险最低的桥位,采用抗滑桩、锚索等对重点区域系统加固,并结合碎屑流拦截结构,实现对选用桥位边坡地质灾害的防治。     

地震作用下大型地下洞室群位移特征的若干影响因素分析

利用三角级数叠加法,考虑到基岩场地的深度衰减效应,生成了大型地下洞室群非平稳人工地震动加速度时程。然后利用动力时程分析法,对大渡河某水电站大型地下洞室群进行了非线性地震动力响应分析,研究在不同频谱人工地震波作用下地应力特征、峰值加速度和频谱对大型地下洞室群位移特征的影响。分析结果表明,地下洞室群相对位移随着侧压力系数和峰值加速度的增加而略有增加,不同频谱的地震波有着截然不同的位移特征。研究成果对高地震烈度区地下洞室群抗震稳定性分析具有一定的借鉴意义。     

胶东大型金矿床的地球化学分带特征

胶东地区大型,特大型金矿都严格受构造控制,具有多期多阶段叠加成晕特点,一般都有１－２个主成矿阶段。在矿体周围能形成异常的元素有Ａｕ,Ａｇ,Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ,Ａｓ,Ｓｂ,Ｂｉ,Ｍｏ,Ｈｇ,Ｃｏ,Ｍｎ,Ｎｉ,Ｗ（Ｆ,Ｂ）等元素,单阶段形成的晕具有明显的垂直分带,Ｈｇ,Ａｓ,Ｓｂ（Ｂ,Ｆ）强异常总是分布在矿体上部及前缘,而Ｂｉ,Ｍｏ,Ｍｎ,Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ的强异常总是分布于矿体下部及尾晕,Ａｕ,Ａｇ一般正相关     

近年来某些世界级大型金矿床的发现史例

近年来国外相继发现了若干个被称之为世界级的大型金矿床,使世界金矿储量大幅度增长.本文介绍了美国金坑、麦克劳林,加拿大赫姆洛,澳大利亚奥林匹克坝、布丁顿,日本菱刈,巴布亚新几内亚波尔盖拉和莱斗拉姆等巨型金矿的发现史和地质特征,以供参考.     

地图与城市发展

地图在各种具有地域分布的科学中占有重要地位。地图与城市的关系至关密切，首先城市的发展和建设包括建筑群体、单体以及各种工程设施如铁路、公路、海港、航空或航天基地、桥梁、遂道和大型企业等，不管它们是施工前或竣工后都必须有精确的平面地形图。而城市就是由这许许多多个单体（单项）和群体组合成的综合实体。