掩星驿站

月掩星是一个很有趣味的观测项目,在掩星之前或之后,被掩星都是在月球附近的。当你看到恒星逐渐接近月球的暗边缘且突然“消失”或恒星突然“出现”的一刹那,你会明显感觉到月球的运动。观测小行星掩星需要观测者比较熟悉星空,可以通过星图准确无误地找到被掩的恒星。观测时,只需要看到被掩的恒星即可。每次新的掩星观测都可能带来潜在的新发现,只要你进行了一次观测,无论是否观测到掩星现象的发生,你的观测结果都是非常有意义的。     

Thickness distribution and extent of sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and surrounding waters observed in 2012/2013 austral summer

Three ship-based observational campaigns were conducted to survey sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and the surrounding waters(64.40°S–69.40°S, 76.11°E–81.29°E) from 28 November 2012 to 3 February 2013. In this paper, we present the sea ice extent and its variation, and the ice and snow thickness distributions and their variations with time in the observed zone. In the pack ice zone, the southern edge of the pack ice changed little, whereas the northern edge retreated significantly during the two earlier observation periods. Compared with the pack ice, the fast ice exhibited a significantly slower variation in extent with its northernmost edge retreating southwards by 6.7 km at a rate of 0.37 km?d-1. Generally, ice showed an increment in thickness with increasing latitude from the end of November to the middle of December. Ice and snow thickness followed an approximate normal distribution during the two earlier observations(79.7±28.9 cm, 79.1±19.1 cm for ice thickness, and 11.6±6.1 cm, 9.6±3.4 cm for snow thickness, respectively), and the distribution tended to be more concentrated in mid-December than in late November. The expected value of ice thickness decreased by 0.6 cm, whereas that of snow thickness decreased by 2 cm from 28 November to 18 December 2012. Ice thickness distribution showed no obvious regularity between 31 January and 3 February, 2013.     

Status of the Recent Declining of Arctic Sea Ice Studies

In the past 30 years, a large-scale change occurred in the Arctic climatic system, which had never been observed before 1980s. At the same time, the Arctic sea ice experienced a special evolution with more and more rapidly dramatic declining. In this circumstance, the Arctic sea ice became a new focus of the Arctic research. The recent advancements about abrupt change of the Arctic sea ice are reviewed in this paper .The previous analyses have demonstrated the accelerated declining trend of Arctic sea ice extent in the past 30 years, based on in-situ and satellite-based observations of atmosphere, as well as the results of global and regional climate simulations. Especially in summer, the rate of decrease for the ice extents was above 10% per decade. In present paper, the evolution characteristics of the arctic sea ice and its possible cause are discussed in three aspects, i.e. the sea ice physical properties, the interaction process of sea ice, ocean and atmosphere and its response and feedback mechanism to global and arctic climate system.     

古鄱阳湖中生代盆地充填序列和演化特征

古鄱阳湖中生代盆地的研究表明,该盆地并不是简单的白垩纪盆地,而是历经多次构造旋回的复杂盆地.盆地多次成生、萎缩、上升,均是燕山运动的结果.     

Swift时代伽马射线暴的观测和理论

伽马射线暴是宇宙中最剧烈的爆发现象之一.Swift卫星的快速定位和Fermi卫星的宽、高能段观测,使得伽马暴的观测可以全波段进行.通过Swift的观测可以对伽马暴现象的本质有进一步的理解,而Fermi卫星提供了一些暴高能光子的辐射数据,为进一步研究暴的辐射机制和伽马暴以及它的余辉提供了有力的依据.介绍了Swift和Fermi卫星发射后一些伽马暴的观测和理论研究进展.     

不同辐射背景下大西洋热盐环流下沉区混合层深度变化

基于政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)4种最新辐射强迫情景,利用ECHAM5/MPI-OM(European Centre Hamburg Model 5/Max Planck Institute Ocean Model)气候模式输出的1850—2300年逐月混合层深度、海表面温度、海表面盐度数据,分析大西洋热盐环流下沉区混合层深度的变化情况。结果表明:随辐射强迫增加,热盐环流下沉区混合层深度下降,混合层深度振荡周期在格陵兰-冰岛-挪威海(Greenland Sea–Iceland Sea–Norwegian Sea,GIN)海域减小,在拉布拉多海(Labrador Sea,LAB)海域变化不大;与GIN海域相比,LAB海域混合层深度对辐射强迫变化更敏感;两海区温度对混合层深度的影响时间较长,混合层深度对盐度的变化反应迅速;混合层深度变化的主导因素在LAB海域中为盐度,而在GIN海域,低辐射强迫下温度主导混合层深度变化,中高辐射强迫下温度与盐度共同起主导作用。     

香山绝对点周围的局部地壳变形及其对重力测量结果的影响

为了监视北京地区的地壳稳定性，北京测绘院对10多个基岩点和北京市区进行了多次沉降观测，结果表明香山点近10多年来高程变化只有几毫米，其重力效应可略而不计，但测点东北和东南方有两个较大的下沉区。用线积分法计算了两个局部沉降的重力效应，在沉降区中心其影响可达0.38μms^-2，但对香山点的重力效应非常小，完全可以忽略。因此得出如下结论：香山点观测到的重力变化不是地壳变形引起的。     

基于ARMA模型的潮位拟合及内插研究

在水深测量过程中,采集的潮位数据往往存在断缺现象,给水深测量内业工作者造成干扰。针对潮位数据断缺问题,对断缺数据简单预处理后,利用ARMA模型对潮位数据序列变化规律进行分析,拟合潮位时间序列数据变化趋势,然后将拟合的值内插到数据断缺处,以建立完整的潮位改正文件,最后对拟合模型进行精度评价分析。实验结果表明,拟合模型精度良好,可以快速获取符合要求的插值,提高工作效率。     

基于海洋机器人的科学观测与实验系统研究现状与展望

海洋机器人具有观测范围大、作业灵活、机动性好、可控性强等突出优点,在海洋科学观测与海洋科学实验中发挥了重要作用,促进了物理海洋和海洋生物地球化学的发展。为阐明海洋机器人在海洋科学观测和实验中的应用情况,以水下滑翔机、自主水下机器人（Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV）和无人帆船3种典型的观测型海洋机器人为例介绍了海洋机器人在海洋科学观测中的应用现状;以原位采样与固定、原位培养与分析海洋机器人为例介绍了海洋机器人在海洋科学实验中的应用现状;最后结合未来海洋科学研究需求,从需求牵引的角度对基于机器人的科学观测与实验系统的发展趋势进行了展望。