The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation simulated by four Chinese AGCMs participating in the CMIP5 project

The performances of four Chinese AGCMs participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） in the simulation of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation （BSISO） are assessed. The authors focus on the major characteristics of BSISO： the intensity, significant period, and propagation. The results show that the four AGCMs can reproduce boreal summer intraseasonal signals of precipitation; however their limitations are also evident. Compared with the Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation （CMAP） data, the models underestimate the strength of the intraseasonal oscillation （ISO） over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean （IO） during the boreal summer （May to October）, but overestimate the intraseasonal variability over the western Pacific （WP）. In the model results, the westward propagation dominates, whereas the eastward propagation dominates in the CMAP data. The northward propagation in these models is tilted southwest-northeast, which is also different from the CMAP result. Thus, there is not a northeast-southwest tilted rain belt revolution off the equator during the BSISO＇s eastward journey in the models. The biases of the BSISO are consistent with the summer mean state, especially the vertical shear. Analysis also shows that there is a positive feedback between the intraseasonal precipitation and the summer mean precipitation. The positive feedback processes may amplify the models＇ biases in the BSISO simulation.     

Population distribution,structure and growth condition of Antarctic krill （Euphausia superba Dana） during the austral summer in the Southern Ocean

Antarctic krill （Euphausia superba Dana） was collected using a High Speed Collector and an Isaac-Kidd midwater trawl （IKMT） net during the austral summer of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 in the circumpolar and Prydz Bay regions of the Southern Ocean, respectively. Combined with the simultaneous recording of environmental factors, spatial distribution, population structure and growth condition of E. superba were studied. The abundance of E. superba in the Weddell Sea was higher than in Prydz Bay. However, the abundance of E. superba in both the Weddell Sea and Prydz Bay was lower than figures reported in previous krill surveys for the same time period. With respect to the total study area, E. superba displayed a normal growing state during the two expeditions. E. superba grew relatively poorly in some stations, which may be due to the late retreat of sea ice or lower chlorophyll a concentrations. The number of juvenile E. superba collected using the High Speed Collector was proportionally greater in stations located at the edge of the sea ice, while adults dominated in long-term non-ice regions. This phenomenon reflects the different distribution pattern between juvenile and adult krill. The population structure of E. superba differed between sea regions, which may affect recruitment.     

2013年夏季中国南方区域性高温天气的成因分析

为了对2013年夏季中国南方区域性高温天气进行系统的分析,采用统计分析等方法,利用常规气温资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料讨论了此次高温的特征及成因。结果表明：2013年夏季中国南方地区发生的高温事件相对历史同期增多,主要集中在华南北部至华北南部一带,其区域性高温天气的极端性十分突出,研究区域内的日平均气温、平均日最高气温、平均日最低气温以及高温日数都打破最高纪录,为历史罕见;西太平洋副热带高压范围偏大、强度偏强、西伸脊点位置偏西、脊线偏北,南亚高压偏北偏东,热带气旋活动范围偏南,出梅较早、梅雨季节短等因素导致中国南方长江中下游地区出现了长时间的区域性高温天气。     

西北太平洋SST季内振荡及其与中国东部夏季降水季内振荡的关系

利用NOAA逐日海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日风场和比湿资料以及中国国家气象信息中心提供的逐日降水资料,研究了西北太平洋气候SST的低频周期,进一步分析了夏季西北太平洋SST季节内振荡与中国东部同期降水异常的关系。结果表明:夏季西北太平洋季节内SST异常影响中国东部同期季节内降水最显著的三个区域为:长江中游及华南沿海;江淮流域;华北大部。其影响途径主要是通过西北太平洋季节内海温与850 h Pa环流场之间相互作用,在东亚沿岸自南向北逐渐形成气旋—反气旋—气旋(反气旋—气旋—反气旋)的波列结构,引起东亚沿海局地水汽的辐合辐散,使得中国东部夏季季节内雨带从江淮流域向华北推进(从华北南撤到长江中游及华南沿海地区)。     

A Fourteen-Year Climatology of the Southwest Vortex in Summer

Statistical studies were conducted on the southwest vortex（SWV） during the summers of 2000–13 using high-resolution reanalysis data with a horizontal resolution of 0.5°× 0.5°. A total of 578 SWVs were detected, with a maximum interannual frequency of 55. The variation of the interannual frequency featured a period of around six years. The most active period of SWVs was early July and the maximum occurrence of SWVs appeared in early morning（0200–0800 Beijing Standard Time（BST））. Most of the SWVs were short-lived, with only 66 cases（11.4%） lasting for more than 24 h. In addition, the moving tracks and three-dimensional shape of long-lived（≥ 36 h） SWVs are also presented. For those SWVs that lasted for more than 12 h, four types of SWVs（Types I–IV） were identified using a new method, and the results indicated that the dynamical and thermodynamical conditions before the formation of SWVs are effective indicators of the subsequent evolution of the vortex and associated severe weathers. Moreover, a further level of classification was also constructed for Type II SWVs, which accounted for the largest proportion out of Types I–IV, and the results indicated that the lifespan, radius and maximum 6-h precipitation were all closely related to the intensity of precipitation before the formation of SWVs.     

前期夏季西太平洋暖池热含量对江南春雨的影响及其可能机理

利用GODAS海洋温度资料、中国753站逐日降水资料以及NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料讨论了前期夏季西太平洋暖池热含量异常对江南春雨的影响,并通过高低层环流异常解释了其可能过程和机制。研究结果表明:(1)前期夏季暖池区热含量影响春雨的敏感海区位于9°~16°N,150°~166°E,与春雨强度呈显著反相关,前期夏季关键区热含量的显著偏低是春雨异常偏多的强信号。(2)多雨年和少雨年大气环流差值场与夏季暖池热含量(取反号)回归的次年春季大气环流形态基本一致。低层菲律宾海异常反气旋西北侧的暖湿西南气流输送及江南地区高层辐散抽吸运动是造成春雨偏多的直接原因。(3)关键区热含量在前期夏季的异常偏低使低层异常反气旋在其西北侧触发生成,并在菲律宾海附近持续存在(前夏至当年春季),春季引导强盛的西南气流向江南输送水汽;同时,热含量异常偏低在我国大陆东部激发出高层异常气旋并持续维持(前秋至当年春季),导致春季西风急流轴异常南压,高层形成异常辐散中心,形成强烈的抽吸作用,导致江南春雨显著偏多。前夏热含量显著偏高引起江南春雨偏少的过程则与之相反。     

中国东南部与川渝陕甘地区夏季降水 30～60天CISO的反相现象

利用1979～2010年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和我国753站逐日降水资料,研究了中国东南部和川渝陕甘地区夏季降水30～60天气候季节内振荡（Climatological IntraSeasonal Oscillation,CISO）的反相现象。结果显示两个区域夏季降水CISO在7月中旬之前存在显著的反相关系,且在传播特征上有明显差异。川渝陕甘地区降水局地低频振荡显著,中国东南部降水CISO北传特征清晰。低频环流分析表明,对流层低层低频槽、脊的更替形成了川渝陕甘地区降水CISO的“驻相”振荡,低频气旋式、反气旋式环流位置的移动则产生了中国东南部降水CISO的北传。CISO垂直环流显示上升支与下沉支正好处于川渝陕甘地区与中国东南部,较好地反映了低频降水在两区域的相反变化。中国东南部、长江中下游与川渝陕甘地区三者之间存在动力学上的关联,这可部分地解释川渝陕甘地区和中国东南部之间降水CISO的反相关系。这种反相关系的形成还与气候态下的西太平洋副热带高压和贝加尔湖附近大陆高压脊的季节内变化有关。揭示中国东南部与川渝陕甘地区之间降水CISO的反相现象对于丰富人们对我国夏季风区低频振荡局地特征的认识和理解降水季节内振荡产生机制有重要意义。     

2014年夏季（6—8月）山东天气评述

利用2014年6-8月山东省气温、降水资料以及500hPa月平均位势高度场、距平场等资料,结合逐日高空环流形势,分析了山东省2014年夏季的天气气候特点、环流特征和主要天气过程,对季内的主要天气及其影响进行了评述。     

1961—2010年江苏省夏季气温变化及其异常时环流场特征

利用1961—2010年江苏省41个台站气温资料,500 hPa高度场和海温场等资料对江苏省夏季气温变化进行研究,并分析同期及前期环流场特征。结果表明:(1)江苏省夏季气温变化幅度南北差异较大,南强北弱。(2)夏季平均气温的变化幅度总是小于其他3个季节。(3)各区夏季异常低温日数在1970s以前呈现增多趋势,1970s以后呈现减少趋势;而异常高温日数在1970s以前呈现减少趋势,1970s以后呈现增多趋势。(4)冷夏年500 hPa高度上,西太平洋副热带高压强度较弱,位置偏东,而东亚大槽较深,位置偏西,环流经向性较大;暖夏年反之。(5)冷夏及冷夏前期,海温场分布具有La Nina事件特征,而在暖夏及暖夏前期,海温场分布具有El Nino事件特征。     

区域站高温天气故障分析

<正>1引言绥化海伦市海北镇区域站出现夏季高温、晴天无云掉线情况,连续阴雨天气反而上线正常,一般在每天早10点到晚18点左右不能上线,多次检查和调换主板后故障没有消除,从中心站调取数据发现如果能正常上线所有数据正常,后对设备做进一步检查。2检查设备安装步骤首先确认区域站各部件安装正确,关闭设备电源开关。(1)蓄电池:重点检查了站点蓄电池是否异常,