船载ADCP资料处理

通过对大量走航ADCP观测资料的分析,提出一整套的ADCP资料质量控制和预处理方法,并对提出的ADCP"基准流速控制"的处理方法与传统的"选取参考层法"进行了比较,证明此方法不但可有效提高ADCP资料的处理精度,并可提高资料的处理效率,减少人为的干预因素。     

Observed water current and transport through Qiongzhou Strait during August 2010

The velocity structure of the residual current across an entire section of the Qiongzhou Strait(QS) in summer is presented for the fi rst time. Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profi le measurements, from the mid-region of the QS(110.18°E), were collected on 1–4 August 2010. The diurnal tidal currents had their maximum amplitudes between 4.24 and 20.24 m. Their amplitude along the major axis ranged from approximately 0.55 m/s in the middle part of the strait(20.15°N) to 0.84 m/s in the north part of the strait(20.20°N). Both anticlockwise and clockwise tidal current rotations exist in the QS. During the observation period(neap tide), a signifi cant westward residual current occupied almost the entire study section. Two velocity cores of westward current were observed at the northern part and near the deepest trough, although an eastward current appeared in the middle part of the transect. The deepest core was located near 62 m at 20.13°N, with a maximum velocity of-0.34 m/s. The shallower core was located at approximately 16 m at 20.20°N, with a maximum velocity of-0.33 m/s. The estimated total volume of water transported through the QS was-0.16 Sv. This value is an important boundary condition, applicable to numerical models studying coastal ocean circulation in the northwestern South China Sea.     

Retrieval of the single scattering albedo of Asian dust mixed with pollutants using lidar observations

The vertical distribution of single scattering albedos （SSAs） of Asian dust mixed with pollutants was derived using the multi-wavelength Raman lidar observation system at Gwangju （35.10°N,126.53°E）.Vertical profiles of both backscatter and extinction coefficients for dust and non-dust aerosols were extracted from a mixed Asian dust plume using the depolarization ratio from lidar observations.Vertical profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients of non-dust particles were input into an inversion algorithm to retrieve the SSAs of non-dust aerosols.Atmospheric aerosol layers at different heights had different light-absorbing characteristics.The SSAs of non-dust particles at each height varied with aerosol type,which was either urban/industrial pollutants from China transported over long distances at high altitude,or regional/local pollutants from the Korean peninsula.Taking advantage of independent profiles of SSAs of non-dust particles,vertical profiles of SSAs of Asian dust mixed with pollutants were estimated for the first time,with a new approach suggested in this study using an empirical determination of the SSA of pure dust.The SSAs of the Asian dust-pollutants mixture within the planetary boundary layer （PBL） were in the range 0.88-0.91,while the values above the PBL were in the range 0.76-0.87,with a very low mean value of 0.76 ± 0.05.The total mixed dust plume SSAs in each aerosol layer were integrated over height for comparison with results from the Aerosol Robotics Network （AERONET） measurements.Values of SSA retrieved from lidar observations of 0.92 ± 0.01 were in good agreement with the results from AERONET measurements.     

短时强降水特征统计及临近预警

利用多普勒天气雷达、探空和逐小时降水量资料,对2010 2012年,滇西南普洱、西双版纳537次短时强降水天气过程进行统计分析,建立三种短时强降水概念模型,分别是:低质心弱辐合型短时强降水、低质心辐合型短时强降水、高质心短时强降水。对比分析了不同类型短时强降水的强度特征、移速特征、生命期特征、垂直风切变特征等,探讨了辐合作用与强降水维持时间的关系、辐合切变量与雨强的关系、D_(VIL)与降水量的关系。并得出预警方法:满足如下条件时,出现短时强降水的可能较大:(1)低质心强降水中,回波无倾斜特征,强度以40~45 dBz为主,强度从低层到高层维持或缓慢减弱,大部分回波的H_((40dBz))≥H_0,且0℃层高度上40 dBz的回波的累计长度/回波移速≥0.67 h(辐合切变量≥2.2 m·s~(-1)时,累计长度/回波移速≥0.50 h),预报提前时间30~40 min。(2)高质心强降水中,强回波边缘存在宽≥3 km、强度为40~45 dBz的回波,且0℃层高度上40 dBz的回波的累计长度/回波移速≥0.47 h,预报提前时间28 min左右。此外,对短时强降水成因进行了探讨。     

比较法的游戏式地理复习教学

正一、高考地理试题中的比较情境笔者查阅近五年的浙江高考地理试题,能力型的试题始终占据很大的比重,在考查地理解题能力的高考地理试题中,采用比较性情境的题型随处可见,现列举如下。1.浙江卷选择题中的比较性情境分析浙江省在2009年第一次独立高考命题,这一年试题中很大的亮点就是比较性情境的大量运用。比如第1题,三类土壤的不同剖面深度处土壤有机质含量的比     

利用ArcEngine和C~#实现地下管线断面分析

结合城市地下管线网络分布情况和探测采集到的管线数据,设计了断面分析相关的数据组织结构,利用ArcEngine控件和Visual Studio 2005软件开发平台,实现城市地下管线横断面和纵断面分析功能,为城市地下管线的科学管理提供准确的决策信息。     

雷达资料对贵州春季冰雹云识别初探

利用2004年以来有雷达数据的25个贵州春季冰雹个例资料,基于贵阳、遵义和兴义3部天气雷达基数据,计算雷达回波顶高（ET）、垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）、组合反射率因子（CR）、制作反射率因子垂直剖面（RCS）产品,研究冰雹发生前后雷达回波的演变情况,找出冰雹发生前后以上产品的临界值和变化特征,从而对冰雹云进行雷达识别。经过对个例的分析研究发现：45 dB z以上的雷达回波能较好地识别冰雹云,结合0℃层高度和-20℃层高度,可较好的判断冰雹的大小;冰雹发生前1～2个体扫到冰雹发生时刻,VIL出现陡增现象。     

运用水压测试法获取地应力张量——以法国巴黎盆地中的沉积岩为例

水压致裂法、已存裂隙中的水压试验、套筒重开测试(sleeve reopening tests)以及对钻孔中主应力方向上的雁列式破裂的分析测试表明,上述方法在确定巴黎盆地东部沉积层的地应力张量的垂直剖面时起到了很好的作用.该应力剖面揭示出一个190 m厚的黏土层剪应力的松弛现象,这种现象导致应力随深度表现出强烈的非线性变...     

北京及附近地区地壳速度结构与构造

利用研究区多条地震测深剖面段观测资料解释及多条剖面段的模型数据计算出了研究区结晶基底及莫霍面深度等深线结果,对该地区地壳深部速度结构与构造进行了较详细研究.结果表明,地壳深部速度结构与构造在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均一性,浅部基底断裂发育;研究区莫霍面等深线总体特征显示出从东向西逐渐加深趋势,局部区域显示异常变化,变化...     

弹性介质中垂直地震剖面有限差分正演

垂直地震剖面法可以通过认识反射和透射过程,深入了解地震波传播特性,又可以改善地表地震资料关于构造、地层和岩性的解释.本文是在基于垂直地震剖面的基本原理基础上,采用高阶交错网格有限差分数值求解二维弹性波方程,然后对常见的层状介质和岩溶介质模型分别进行模拟,根据模型合成了相关的垂直地震剖面记录,期间采用的是完全匹配层法吸收...