勘察设计市场的现状分析及如何进行规范的对策研究

侧重分析了我国勘察设计市场的现状以及存在的诸多问题和成因。强调在中国加入WTO后，勘察设计市场同时面临着国际竞争与无限商机，并提出规范勘察设计市场的紧迫性及对策。     

多种结构计算应用程序的比较

在结构设计的过程中，我们经常运用各种各样的结构计算程序，各种程序的结构分析模型的简化原则不同，模型的输入和输出结果的形式不同，计算的结果也不尽不同。我们所采用的程序是否能真正地反映出建筑物的实际受力状况呢?本文将对此进行浅要的比较。     

变降深抽水附近地下水非稳定运动的积分方程解

根据完整井变流量抽水附近地下水运动的解析解,利用积分方程的方法,推导出了水井水位降深以任意一种函数关系随时间变化时含水层中地下水非稳定运动积分方程形式的解,并提出了该积分解相应的近似计算方法.最后通过一个实例验证了该方法的实用性.     

2004年度地球科学部评审工作的原则与机制

国家自然科学基金委员会2004年共受理面上项目39289项(2003年为31648项、2002年为27581项)，较前2年分别增长24．14％和42．45％。其中地球科学部受理3246项(2003年为2607项、2002年为2324项)，占全委的8．26％(2003年为8．24％、2002年为8．43％)，分别增长24．51％和39．67％，在全委各学部排序位居第4位；     

卡斯凯迪亚消减带的幕式颤动和滑动：静滑动震颤

发现在最初被认为不活动的北卡斯凯迪亚消减带的深部界面观测到的重复性缓慢滑动事件具有独特的非地震性地震学特征。颤动状的地震信号与用跨越过去6年的地壳运动数据识别出的滑动事件在时间和空间上相关。在滑动事件之间的时段内，颤动活动要么不存在，要么很小。我们称这种颤动和滑动相关现象为幕式颤动和滑动(ETS)。我们认为幕式颤动和滑动的活动可以作为卡斯凯迪亚特大逆冲地震区应力加载的实时指标。     

论非均匀断层滑动弱化速率的标定

尝试用二维断层模型来描述断层在不稳定开始时滑动弱化速率的定标律。断层由一系列受滑动摩擦力作用变弱的片区组成，这些片区被牢固的障碍体所分隔。第一组断层包含不同尺度总滑动长度相同的片区的平均分布，而第二组断层由各种分形康托尔集合组成。破裂的整体活动性质由指数增长率λ来描述。对无限均匀的断层，系数λ由摩擦定律的弱化速率控制。在非均匀断层系中我们估算每一个断层的弱化速率，因为一个断层系的指数增长率λ与均匀断层是一致的。利用这种均匀断层的破裂过程，我们根据不同尺度均匀性断层和给定的系数λ来计算弱片区上的弱化速率。对于大尺度的破裂，弱化速率与尺度无关，长片区的开始过程类似于无限断层的破裂情况。本文考虑的是小尺度和所有不同几何形状的破裂，弱化速率记为α=β0^*／a，其中a为破裂尺度或者单个断层长度的一半，β0^*≈1．158。本文计算了滑动弱化距离Dc的值，在此基础上讨论了计算结果的物理含义，并给出了这个参数与尺度相关的可能解释。     

东濮凹陷白庙地区天然气及凝析油地球化学特征及成因

白庙构造是东濮凹陷南部地区的一个含凝析油的富气构造.在研究油藏基本地质特征的基础上,应用多种地球化学手段研究了气藏中天然气组分、甲烷同位素及惰性气体同位素变化规律、凝析油族组成、饱和烃色谱、色质生物标志物特征,进行了油气源分析,探讨了气藏的形成时间与次序,白庙气藏具有多源、多期、复合成藏的特点.     

The Rotational Structure along the Eastern Segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault and Its Implications in Dynamics

As a result of the left-lateral strike-slipping of the Altyn Tagh fault in Neotectonic period, a contra-rotational structure, namely the Zhaobishan vortex structure, has developed at the juncture of the main Altyn Tagh fault and the northern fringe fault of the Qilian Mountains.Preliminary analysis on the deformation and evolution of the Zhaobishan vortex structure. In combination with the previous data, suggests that the tectonic transform between the Altyn Tagh fault and the northern fringe fault of the Qilian Mountains attributes to the deformation of the rotational structure. The existence of a series of rotational structures along the Altyn Tagh fault and on the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) plateau indicate that as the substance in the northern Qinghal-Xizang (Tibet) plateau moves clockwise around the eastern tectonic knot of the Himalayas, rotational structures become the principal mode on the northern marginal zone of the Plateau of transforming and absorbing tectonic deformation.     

A Preliminary Analysis of Relations Between Tectonic Deformation of Sedimentary Cover and Basement in Kuqa Depression

Study of seismic activity in the Kuqa area enables us to infer some possible active faults in basement from the epicentral distribution on different profiles. The relations between active faults in the basement and surface structures are analyzed and the difference between sedimentary cover and basement in their deformation characteristics and the genesis are discussed. The following conclusions have been drawn : ( 1 ) the epicentral distribution indicates that, the east Qiulitag and south and north Qiulitag deep faults in the basement correspond to the east and west Qiulitag anticlines, respectively. Moreover, deep faults also exist beneath the Yiqiklik and Yaken anticlines. It indicates that the formation of surface structures is controlled by deep structures; (2) A NE-trending strike-slip fault develops along the line from the western termination of Yiqiklik structure to Dongqiu Well 5 and a NW-trending active fault on the western side of Baicbeng. The two active faults across the tectonic strike are the main causes for tectonic segmentation of the Kuqa depression and possibly the cause for the middle segment (Kuqa-Baicheng) of the depression to be more shortened than both its eastern and western terminations; (3) The difference between the sedimentary cover and basement in their deformation characteristics depends mainly on the different properties of media between them.The lithospheric strength of the basement in the basin is fairly high, which determines the basement deformation to be mainly of brittle fracture seismic activity. While the strength of sedimentary cover is low, where there exist weak thin layers, such as coal and gyps. Under the effect of strong tectonic compression, the sedimentary rocks may undergo strong viscous or plastic flow deformation; meanwhile, an aseismic detachment may take place along the weak layers.     

Modeling of Rocks with Spatial Distributed Fractures by Random Medium Theory

By using the spectrum expanding theory of random processes and Hudson‘s crack model,we developed a random medium model for rocks with spatial random distributed number density of cracks. This model could connect the micro-parameters of the cracks with the macro- mechanical properties, and can be effectively applied to model the real inhomogeneous medium. Numerical example indicates that the random distribution characters could be different for different elastic constants under the same random distribution of number density of cracks. By changing the value of the autocorrelation length pair, it is possible to model the difference of the distribution in the two coordinate directions. Numerical modeling results for seismic wave propagating in rocks with random distributed fractures using a staggered high-order finite-difference (SHOFD) are also presented.