高精度重磁测量在商都地区CO2气藏勘查中的应用

通过在商都地区开展高精度重磁测量,提高了对盆地基底结构、构造、断裂特征与断裂分布以及汉诺坝组玄武岩分布的认识.商都坳陷具有单断式的结构特征,即西断东超.坳陷走向为北西向,由西北、东南两个次级洼槽组成;区内分布有两条北西南东向展布的深大断裂,为幔源CO2的运移通道,控制着CO2气藏的分布;局部强磁性、高密度异常为汉诺坝玄武岩的反映,是小丹岱组CO2气藏的良好盖层,控制着小丹岱组CO2气藏的分布.     

基于IRS-P5卫星立体影像的地形图测绘试验

简要介绍了印度 IRS-P5卫星立体影像的特点及其应用前景,重点介绍了使用某地区的立体像对数据进行的1:10000地形图测绘有关试验研究。结果表明,在高精度的地面控制点的支持下,地形类别为山地的地形图平面和高程精度均可满足国家1:10000基本比例尺地形图测图规范要求。     

三线阵CCD卫星影像的模拟

数据模拟是进行科研理论研究的重要步骤。本文论述了利用正射影像及对应的DEM数据,按照摄影测量原理模拟三线阵CCD卫星影像的方法,并采用APOLLO影像数据验证了所提出的三线阵CCD影像模拟方法的可行性和正确性。     

关于虚拟商铺权属界线测绘与放样的技术说明

在当前的一些大型商场中,开发商对其内部的设计有很多是商铺形式,为了以后经营上的便利,商铺与商铺之间不存在围墙、隔板等明显的边界,整个商场在实地是整体贯通的。但是,在现实中又有着对每个商铺进行面积测量并进行面积分摊计算的需求。如何满足这类测绘需求,同时又能确定日后商铺的边界己成为一个很现实的问题。现在有很多单位采用测量商铺绝对坐标的方法,但是项目测绘采用的是相对边长,并且是在商场内部进行测量,情况非常复杂,导致测量与放样结果很不理想。对此,笔者认为可以实行这样的方案：在测量受理阶段要求测绘申请单位提供“虚拟权属界线地钉设计图”并加公章,房产测绘单位根据“虚拟权属界线地钉设计图”进行实地量测验算。     

浅谈数字制图技术在矿山测量中的应用

本文结合生产实践论述了数字化制图技术的作业模式和方法,分析了数字化制图的特点。     

直接测氡法在地裂缝灾害勘察工作中的应用实例——以唐山市古楼庄地裂缝勘察为例

唐山市古楼庄地裂缝已经存在近十年,对其进行的勘察工作于2007年6月底完成。勘察工作中,该地裂缝灾害的成因问题至关重要,通过氡气测量,使勘察报告结论的可靠性得到了加强。同时,也进一步证实了氧气测量对于地裂缝类型及成因判断的重要作用。     

杠杆点评估及设计空间抗差

本分析了杠杆点的几何含义和统计特征,从杠杆点的保差性,矩阵的摄动和参数估值可靠性的观点出发讨论了杠杆点的不利和有利的两个方面,提出了一个全面的设计空间抗差方案。     

分析测试结果的不确定度报告及应用

简要介绍了测量不确定度和测量误差的概念，二者之间的区别，不确定度主要来源及正确报告、应用和符合性评价等，提出分析测试中心应尽快培训人员，完成对每个检测方法的不确定度评定工作，以适应国家法律法规、客户和认可委要求。     

Environmental impacts from mining at Taojiang Mn ore deposit, central Hunan, China

The Taojiang Mn ore deposit was exploited in the early 1960s, and waste rocks were developed since then. Because the Mn ores were hosted within the metal-enriched black shales （Peng et al., 2004）, the continuous mining has led to the exposure of an immense quality of black shales, which might cause serious impacts on environments. The present study deals with this environmental issue with samples from the waste rocks, and from the surrounding soils and surface water. The mineralogy of the waste rock was studied using EMPA, then a large number of elements in all waste rock, soil, and water samples were analyzed at a wide range of concentrations with high accuracy using an Elan6000 ICP-MS machine at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The waste rock is composed mostly of black shales, with minor Mn carbonates. Both black shales and Mn carbonates of the waste rock contain many sulfide minerals, mainly pyrite, with minor galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and others. The waste rocks are enriched in many metals including Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, U, Mo, Sb, Sn, Tl, and others, and the metals are mostly hosted within the sulfides. Weathering of waste rocks might cause emission of the following metals： V, Cd, Ni, Th, U, Mo, Sb, Tl, Sc, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, and minor Co, and Pb. The surrounding soils are highly enriched in Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Cd, Tl, and Pb, with the enrichment factors of 2.67.3.8, 7.26, 7.27, 8.2, 5.7, 13, and 5.4, respectively. The element ratios （Rb/Cs, Fe/Mn, Nb/Zr, Hf/Zr, and Ba/Sr） and REE distribution patterns of the soils are similar to those of the waste rocks and bedrocks.     

Selenium contamination in the Colorado River Basin, western USA： Remediation by leaching and nanof＇dtration membranes

Selenium （Se） is an essential micronutrient to biota, but can become a potent toxicant at elevated concentrations. The natural sources and chemical properties of Se species make the boundary between deficiency and toxicity narrow for some biota, with both phenomena common around the globe. Large areas of farmland in the Colorado River Basin （CRB） generate salinized drainage water with Se concentrations much higher than 5 μg/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic water-quality criterion for the protection of aquatic life. We have carried out detailed field and laboratory studies to investigate Se geochemistry and remediation in two of these areas： the Middle Green River Basin, Utah and the Salton Sea Basin, California, located respectively in the Upper and Lower CRB. Results from these and other studies show that approximately 90% of the dissolved Se in the Colorado River and its tributaries originally is derived from the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale and equivalent pyritic marine units that outcrop in the Upper CRB. Selenium is mobilized commonly by biogeochemical oxidation of this pyritic shale and is concentrated mainly as selenate （SeO4^2-） in soils and agricultural drainage water of dry climates by evaporation. Minor （0%-5%） amounts of Se are present as the selenite species （HSeO3^-） and （SEO3^2-）, but these species and the more reduced species, elemental Se （SeO） and selenide （Se^2-）, have much lower solubility and/or have high sorptive affinity towards organic matter, clay minerals and iron oxyhydroxides. The concentration of dissolved Se （-2.5 μg/L） and salinity in the Lower Colorado River water are among the highest of the world major rivers. Because of low precipitation （7 cm/a） and extreme evapotranspiration （-1.8 m/a） rates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, Se values in irrigation water imported from the Colorado River increase to 〉300 μg/L in drainage wastewater. Removal of Se from contaminated wastewater by nanofiltration membranes was demonstrated in laboratory and pilot-scale field experiments.