新疆中天山北坡40a夏季降水量变化

对新疆中天山北坡1961-2000年夏季降水量的分布特征、变化趋势等进行了统计分析。结果表明,山区夏季降水集中,年际变化小,是进行人工增水试验和作业的理想场所。     

中国近岸部分海域海水中金属络合配位体浓度的研究

采用阳极溶出伏安法对黄河口、青岛近海、大亚湾和南海海域海水中的金属络合配位体的浓度进行了测定,同时探讨了其分布规律与相关参量的关系.结果发现:南海海域海水中的金属络合配体的浓度稍高于其他3个海域,且都明显高于大洋水的浓度;在微表层存在富集现象;在垂直分布上表层最大,然后随深度增加而降低,在底层有较大值;各海域配位体的性质呈复杂性;铜的络合配位体浓度大于镉和铅;总的来说与世界其他海域的分布规律是一致的.同时发现铜络合配位体浓度与BOD(生化需氧量)、COD(化学需氧量)、DOC(溶解有机碳)及黏度存在显著的正相关性.     

海洋天然气水合物元素地球化学异常的实验研究

海洋天然气水合物在生成过程中会引起周围沉积物孔隙水中元素地球化学异常,这些异常是指示天然气水合物存在的重要标志。在自制的实验装置上,模拟了海洋天然气水合物的生成过程,对海水中各离子浓度的变化进行了初步研究。结果表明：在不同的反应条件下,水合物的生成对各离子浓度变化的影响不同。压力越大,耗气量越大,生成水合物的量就大、纯度高,其排盐效应也较强,导致海水溶液中离子浓度的增高,而水合物中离子含量却呈降低趋势。     

利用累加指数对老湾金矿带地表及深部含矿性评价

老湾金矿带是桐柏-大别山(北坡)金银成矿带的重要组成部分,位于金银成矿带的南亚带。在对该成矿带成矿地质背景和原生地球化学异常分析研究的基础上,采用矿体前缘元素As,Sb和尾部元素Mo,Pb(Ni)的累加比值: (As+Sb) /(Mo×10+Pb)和(As+Sb) /(Mo×10+Ni),确立了该矿带的累加指数评价指标。利用累加指数结合原生地球化学异常元素组合,对该矿带地表及深部的含矿性进行预测评价,扩大了原矿体规模且发现了新矿体。     

An Isentropic Mass Circulation View on the Extreme Cold Events in the 2020/21 Winter

Three extreme cold events successively occurred across East Asia and North America in the 2020/21 winter.This study investigates the underlying mechanisms of these record-breaking persistent cold events from the isentropic mass circulation(IMC)perspective.Results show that the midlatitude cold surface temperature anomalies always co-occurred with the high-latitude warm anomalies,and this was closely related to the strengthening of the low-level equatorward cold air branch of the IMC,particularly along the climatological cold air routes over East Asia and North America.Specifically,the two cold surges over East Asia in early winter were results of intensification of cold air transport there,influenced by the Arctic sea ice loss in autumn.The weakened cold air transport over North America associated with warmer northeastern Pacific sea surface temperatures(SSTs)explained the concurrent anomalous warmth there.This enhanced a wavenumber-1 pattern and upward wave propagation,inducing a simultaneous and long-lasting stronger poleward warm air branch(WB)of the IMC in the stratosphere and hence a displacement-type Stratospheric Sudden Warming(SSW)event on 4 January.The WB-induced increase in the air mass transported into the polar stratosphere was followed by intensification of the equatorward cold branch,hence promoting the occurrence of two extreme cold events respectively over East Asia in the beginning of January and over North America in February.Results do not yield a robust direct linkage from La Ni?a to the SSW event,IMC changes,and cold events,though the extratropical warm SSTs are found to contribute to the February cold surge in North America.     

基于PROSAIL模型和Sentinel-2数据的陕北煤炭矿区植被叶绿素含量监测

为满足煤炭矿区植被叶绿素含量高精度动态监测需求,该文以陕北大柳塔矿区为研究区,首先分析PROSAIL模型对矿区典型植被欧李、野樱桃的适用性,然后根据PROSAIL辐射传输模型建立查找表,结合基于正则化的代价函数对欧李、野樱桃叶绿素含量进行反演,并利用SNAP软件反演结果与地面实测数据对PROSAIL模型反演结果进行验证,最后利用所构建模型反演得到2016—2019年大柳塔矿区植被叶绿素含量空间分布。结果表明：PROSAIL模型模拟光谱与地面实测光谱的绝对偏差平均值最大为0.016,该精度满足植被参数反演;PROSAIL模型反演得到的欧李、野樱桃叶绿素含量与地面实测数据的决定系数、均方根误差和相对均方根误差分别为0.679、1.926和4.625%,优于SNAP软件反演结果,反演得到的大柳塔矿区叶绿素含量时空变化与实际植被生态修复情况和土地利用覆盖类型一致。研究结果可为矿区植被叶绿素反演和生态修复效果评估提供技术参考。     

An Incursion of Off-Equatorial Subsurface Cold Water and Its Role in Triggering the “Double Dip” La Nia Event of 2011

Based on Global Ocean Data Assimilation System(GODAS) and NCEP reanalysis data, atmospheric and oceanic processes possibly responsible for the onset of the 2011/12 La Nia event, which followed the 2010/11 La Nia even—referred to as a "double dip" La Nia—are investigated. The key mechanisms involved in activating the 2011/12 La Nia are illustrated by these datasets. Results show that neutral conditions were already evident in the equatorial eastern Pacific during the decaying phase of the 2010/11 La Nia. However, isothermal analyses show obviously cold water still persisting at the surface and at subsurface depths in off-equatorial regions throughout early 2011, being most pronounced in the tropical South Pacific. The negative SST anomalies in the tropical South Pacific acted to strengthen a southern wind across the equator. The subsurface cold water in the tropical South Pacific then spread northward and broke into the equatorial region at the thermocline depth. This incursion process of off-equatorial subsurface cold water successfully interrupted the eastern propagation of warm water along the equator, which had previously accumulated at subsurface depths in the warm pool during the 2010/11 La Nia event. Furthermore, the incursion process strengthened as a result of the off-equatorial effects, mostly in the tropical South Pacific. The negative SST anomalies then reappeared in the central basin in summer 2011, and acted to trigger local coupled air–sea interactions to produce atmospheric–oceanic anomalies that developed and evolved with the second cooling in the fall of 2011.     

华南李家沱剖面寒武纪纽芬兰世海水氧化还原性质演化及其驱动因素

大气-海洋含氧量的演化对埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪转折期的后生动物大爆发事件具有重要影响.为探讨寒武纪纽芬兰世中国南方海洋氧化还原性质的演化及其初级生产力、海水硫酸盐浓度等演化驱动因素, 分析了李家沱剖面纽芬兰世留茶坡组和小烟溪组微量元素、有机碳含量、有机碳同位素、总硫含量、黄铁矿硫同位素等.该剖面沉积于斜坡-盆地环境且出露齐全.该剖面上V/Sc、Th/U及Mo、U、V、Ni、Cu等元素的富集系数呈现出5个变化旋回, 其中留茶坡组中上部和小烟溪组中部各存在一氧化环境段, 其余层段处于缺氧环境, 而Re/Mo则显示仅在小烟溪组中部水体出现过短暂的氧化环境和含有游离H₂S的硫化环境, 其余层段处于没有游离H₂S的缺氧非硫化环境.Ba、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd等微量元素的富集系数及TOC表明: 留茶坡组的有机质沉降量和埋藏量都明显小于上覆小烟溪组; 而在小烟溪组中, 其中部有机质的沉降量和埋藏量最低, 下部最高, 上部次之.TOC/TS、TS以及黄铁矿硫同位素的垂向演化趋势等都显示李家沱剖面纽芬兰世大都处于低海水硫酸盐浓度环境.低海水硫酸盐浓度是造成李家沱剖面纽芬兰世缺氧水体未富集游离H₂S的主要原因.大气含氧量的升高是导致李家沱剖面小烟溪组中部出现短暂氧化环境以及近硫化环境的主要原因.      

河流离岸排放污染物二维浓度分布特性分析

从河流移流扩散二维简化方程的解析解出发,考虑两岸边界反射作用,通过离岸排放条件下的系列计算实验、浓度图谱绘制、数学归纳和分析整理,提出了以相对离岸距离a'(=排放口离近侧河岸的距离a/河宽B)为自变量的宽阔与中宽河段的分类线x_1.2'方程;提出了断面最大浓度轴线的定义、分段方程以及简化分段条件,给出了最大浓度轴线x轴段与弯曲段的分段线x_e'方程、弯曲段与靠岸段的临界线x_k'方程以及断面最大相对浓度沿程分布的分段简化计算公式,提出了河流中心线和两岸线上相对浓度沿程分布的计算公式,为河流水环境影响预测与评价提供了理论支持.     

北冰洋叶绿素a及初级生产力遥感反演研究进展

海洋表层叶绿素a浓度和浮游植物初级生产力是海洋生态系统的基础参数,可有效评估海洋生态系统的初级生物量及其变化.阐明北冰洋浮游植物生物量和初级生产力的时空变化,对预测北极环境快速变化背景下的海洋生态系统潜在变化、科学指导北冰洋的生态管理具有重要意义.本文总结了基于卫星数据的海表叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的研究方法,整理归纳...