地球环境的第一位目击者——记美国海洋生物学家蕾切尔·卡逊

刚刚发表的IPCC第4次气候变化评估报告，再一次让地球人感受到地球环境保护，已经成为人类生存必须正视和采取一切可行的行动的时候了。这时人们不会忘记，100年前诞生的一位美国女科学家，当年在大众、政府甚至科学团体对环境保护的概念还茫然无知的时候，她通过一本名为《寂静的春天》的书，向全球敲响了第一次警钟。[编者按]     

区域资源定量评价中面金属量法的应用

地球化学方法被普遍应用于矿产资源评价,但多数方法都只是基于地球化学数据本身而进行的,较少考虑除成矿物质来源之外的诸如构造、地层等地质环境的影响。文章运用面金属量法,在充分研究地质因素的基础上,确定了预测单元及地球化学背景值,在一定程度上屏蔽了虚假资源量,对东天山地区铜的资源量进行了定量评价。预测认为,东天山地区铜的资源潜力巨大。     

全国首届地球生物学培训班纪要

从21世纪开始,地球科学进入了地球系统科学的时代。生物圈与地球其他圈层的相互作用是地球系统科学的重要内涵,物理、化学与生命过程是地球系统演化的三大基本过程,对应着地球物理、地球化学和地球生     

四川“金土地工程”区农业地质调查评价的方法

简要介绍了四川省地质调查院在"金土地工程"区开展农业地质调查评价试点研究项目的背景、目标任务、方法技术和提交的主要成果。通过试点研究,确定了该项工作的内容以土壤地球化学测量为主,地质、遥感等多种综合调查手段为辅的综合调查,其核心是土地质量的地球化学综合评估。     

从大洋中脊反思大陆漂移说——兼论地球膨裂说

本文通过讨论地幔对流的可能性以及大洋中脊的运动方式,证明了大陆漂移说对大陆漂移的源动力的解释仍存在漏洞,并提出大陆漂移源动力与地球膨裂的关系。对大陆漂移说具有补充性。     

Hydrogeochemical processes of thallium in a rural area of Southwest Guizhou, China

The water system in a rural area of Lanmuchang in Southwest Guizhou is facing a risk of thallium (Tl) contamination due to Tl mineralization around the area. The major trace elements and Tl in the water system are studied to understand the hydrogeochemical processes of Tl constrained by Tl mineralization. The results showed that the dispersion pattern of Tl follows a descending order in concentration from mine groundwater (deep groundwater) →stream water→shallow groundwater→background water, reflecting the impact of Tl mineralization on the hydrogeochemical composition. Tl concentrations in stream water in both regimes are remarkably higher (2-30 fold) downstream than up- and mid-streams, probably caused by the unidentified discharge of deep groundwater. Low Tl levels are detected in the current drinking water, however, the highly elevated Tl in stream water and ground water may pose a potential environmental risk through daily washing and agricultural irrigation. This study suggests that human activities, such as agricultural irrigation, could intensify the environmental risk of Tl.     

Geochemical characteristics of crude oils from Well Zheng-1 in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China

Well Zheng-1 is located in the combined area of the central uplift and the north Tianshan piedmont depression in the Junggar Basin. Two oil-bearing beds are recognized at 4788–4797 m of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Formation (K1tg) and 4808.5–4812.5 m of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation (J1s). The geochemical characteristics of family composition, carbon isotopic composition, saturated hydrocarbons, sterane and terpane biomarkers and carotane of two crude oils are described in this paper. The results show that the geochemical characteristics of the two crude oils are basically similar to each other, indicating they were all derived mainly from the high mature, brine, algae-rich lake facies sediments. Oil-source correlation revealed that crude oils of the two beds were derived mainly from the source rocks of Permian and mixed by the oil derived from the source rocks of Jurassic and Triassic. This is consistent with the geological background with several sets of source rocks in the area studied.     

《地震地磁观测与研究》

《地震地磁观测与研究》由中国地震台网中心与中国地震学会地震观测技术专业委员会联合主办。是从事地震、地磁、空间物理观测和研究的地球物理专业工作者及地震台站管理人员进行工作、科研的重要参考文献。     

甚低频电磁法龙头山银铅锌矿床勘查中的应用

随着找矿、勘探与开发生产实践的不断深入,表露矿与浅部矿渐趋减少,找矿难度逐渐增大,找到一种简捷、迅速的勘查、探矿方式,迫在眉睫.根据实践证明,甚低频电磁法是较为理想的选择.在运用甚低频电磁法时,通过对所测数据进行Fraser滤波等技术处理,并且结合矿区地质研究控矿规律及矿体赋存规律,从而有效地圈定掩盖区异常地质体及其产状和展布方向,预测矿体空间赋存部位,为深部找矿提供依据.     

青藏高原木苟日王新生代火山岩地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成——底侵基性岩浆地幔源区性质的探讨

藏北羌塘木苟日王新生代火山岩主要岩石类型为玄武岩和安山玄武岩，地球化学研究表明该套岩石表现出低SiO₂（51～54%），高Mg、Cr和Ni等幔源岩浆的特征;岩石轻稀土中度富集,具弱负铕异常,发育Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素的负异常.其低的Sm/Yb值（Sm/Yb = 3.07 ～ 4.35）表明它们应来源于软流圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的局部熔融.岩石87Sr/86Sr = 0.705339 ～ 0.705667， ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.8192 ～ 38.8937， ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.6093 ～ 15.6245，²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.6246 ～ 18.6383，而¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.512604 ～ 0.512639，ε_Nd 值近于0（＋0.02～ －0.66），与典型的地幔端元BSE（地球总成分点）十分类似.岩石Δ8/4Pb＝66.82～74.53，△7/4Pb＝9.88～11.42，ΔSr>50，具典型的DUPAL异常,这些地球化学特征表明木苟日王高钾钙碱性基性火山岩可能源于受俯冲流体交代的亲冈瓦纳软流圈地幔的部分熔融.结合该区新生代高钾钙碱性中酸性火山岩地球化学和地球物理资料,文中进一步提出,由于拉萨地块的北向俯冲作用,俯冲流体交代软流圈地幔诱发其部分熔融形成以木苟日王火山岩为代表的高钾钙碱性基性岩浆,这些基性岩浆对羌塘地块岩石圈的底侵作用对于羌塘地块新生代埃达克质高钾钙碱性中